ED1111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Little Penguin, Regular And Irregular Verbs, Rosemary Wells

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READING JOURNAL ONE

•Chapter 1!- Emmitt, M., Zbaracki, M., Komesaroff, L. & Pollockl, J., (2015).!Language and

learning: An introduction for teaching. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press

•Complete the pre-reading activities questions 1-6 in the space below

1. Write down why you think people want to study language. Why do you want to know more

about language.

I believe people want to study language to better understand how the world functions around

them. In order to understand this, communication is crucial in the development of a human being,

and language has the power to fuel humans’ desires and interests. I want to know more about

language so I can act more purposefully in my society, allowing me to better understand others,

regardless of our differences.

2. What do you use language for? Reflect on a day’s activities and list the times when you used

language, the context, purposes and what type(s) of language you used; for example speech,

writing, digital or body language.

Language is used as a communication tool, allowing for messages to be interpreted with meaning.

Language is used both consciously and subconsciously in our every day lives, as we communicate

with others. On Wednesday the 24th February, I was in my ‘Introduction to Teaching and Curriculum

Frameworks’ Tutorial.

3. What type of language did you use most frequently?

The type of language used most frequently in this lesson would have perhaps been body

language. Although a majority of the lesson was verbal, body language sometimes corresponds to

verbal actions spoken by the individual. Therefore the occurrence of body language is higher, as it

is encompassed in both verbal and non-verbal language.

4. Did you find that you used non-verbal language more frequently than any other type?

I did find that I used non-verbal language more frequently than any other type, mainly due to the

result of concurrency between verbal and non-verbal communication. Thus allowing non-verbal

The Context

Type of Language Used

At the start of this tutorial we were required to

take notes on our laptop and on the course

outline.

-Digital Language (as we typed language on

our laptop)

-Body Language (as we were required to

remain attentive and focused

-Writing (as we were required to take notes on

our course outline)

An ice-breaker activity was then introduced.

This activity required us to actively converse

with two other students whom we had not

previously met before attending Notre Dame.

-Body Language (as we were required to

interact with our peers, thus allowing

everyone to feel welcome in the class)

-Speech (as we were required to verbally

engage with our peers)

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actions, such as body language and eye-contact, to be utilised more often than verbal language.

I found that my body, even if I was not aware, was active in non-verbal communications. This

occurred in my bodily actions such as eye-contact, posture and body language.

5. What are the implications of your responses for a program to assist students’ language and

literacy development?

I believe that a program aimed to assist students’ language and literacy development, will prove

beneficial in the development of a student’s learning. I would like to hope that these programs will

advance the learning and abilities of the students, while assisting them with their peer development

as well as their social skills.

6. What uses and types of language should you focus on in developing students’ language and

literacy, and why?

I believe that children should be taught all areas of language and literacy, with a focus on speech,

writing and body language. Through correct speech, students will be able to communicate

effectively with their peers. If students are taught writing skills as well, they should be able to write in

an effective manner as they progress through their learning. Body language may also prove to be

quite important, as humans communicate a lot through posture and facial expression. Through

assisting in the development of a student’s body language, this may help them to engage with

their peers in a more effective manner.

•Part 5!- Understanding grammar (section 24 - 25)!- Faigley, L. (2014).!The little Penguin

handbook.

Verbs

Basic Verb Forms

-Almost all verbs in English have 5 possible forms. The exception is the verb ‘be’. Regular verbs

follow this basic pattern:

1. Base Form:

-The base form of the verb is the one you find listed in the dictionary

-This form indicates an action or condition in the present

-For example; I like Darwin in June

2. Third Person Singular:

-Third person singular subjects include ‘he’, ‘she’ and ‘it’ and the nouns they replace, as well as

pronouns, including ‘someone’, ‘anybody’, and ‘everything’

-Present tense verbs in the third person singular end with ’s’ or ‘es’

Base Form

Third Person

Singular

Past Tense

Past Participle

Present Participle

•Jump

•Like

•Talk

•Wish

•Jumps

•Likes

•Talks

•Wished

•Jumped

•Liked

•Talked

•Wished

•Jumped

•Liked

•Talked

•Wished

•Jumping

•Liking

•Talking

•Wishing

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Document Summary

Reading journal one: chapter 1 - emmitt, m. , zbaracki, m. , komesaroff, l. & pollockl, j. , (2015). South melbourne, victoria: oxford university press: complete the pre-reading activities questions 1-6 in the space below, write down why you think people want to study language. Why do you want to know more about language. I believe people want to study language to better understand how the world functions around them. In order to understand this, communication is crucial in the development of a human being, and language has the power to fuel humans" desires and interests. Reflect on a day"s activities and list the times when you used language, the context, purposes and what type(s) of language you used; for example speech, writing, digital or body language. Language is used as a communication tool, allowing for messages to be interpreted with meaning. Language is used both consciously and subconsciously in our every day lives, as we communicate with others.

Related Questions

View the video transcript below and share your thoughts on the economic concepts that you believe are applicable.

Question# 1. Why does a firm have to posses market power in order to raise prices.

How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers

JJ RAMBERG, anchor:

With gas prices soaring and the economy tightening, you may think itâs not possible to charge your customers more. But, it turns out you can successfully raise prices without driving those customers away. Bob Prosen runs the consulting company, Prosen Center for Business. Heâs helped business leaders rapidly increase performance, productivity and profits, and heâs also author of the book, âKiss Theory Goodbye: Five Proven Ways to Get Extraordinary Results in Any Company.â Bob, welcome.

Mr. BOB PROSEN: Thank you. RAMBERG: So, if youâre going to raise prices on your customers, one of the things you say is donât surprise them. So, how do you give them warning?

Mr. PROSEN: Well, our customers are very important to us, lets not surprise them. Letâs let them know in advance that prices will increase. But, itâs important to explain to them in their language as to why prices are increasing. For instance, if its fuel surcharges, theyâll understand that. But its important we put it in their language so that they, in turn, can pass that along and plan for it in their own business.

RAMBERG: So, a lot of times when people are paying more, they expect to get more. So, you should communicate increased value I assume. But is saying, um--gas prices are going up for me, is that uh--the same as saying, youâre going to get more for your money?

Mr. PROSEN: No, definitely itâs not. In fact, the equation for value is benefits plus price. So, if prices are going to go up we have to have increased benefits for our customers. So, we can do things like under promise and over deliver. Give them a little bit more. Understand their customerâs customer. So that when we provide our services to them, theyâre customized for our customers. They see more value, we understand their business, and therefore theyâll be more appreciative of what we do and less sensitive to price increases.

RAMBERG: That seems to--to follow into your next point, or go right into your next point, which is, track the quality of your products.

Mr. PROSEN: This is absolutely critical, and we can track the quality of our products many ways. Customers call us, complaints, warranty, rework. If weâll deal with that, capture that, and inside of âKiss Theory Goodbyeâ I teach business people how to reduce these problem occurrences and increase the quality of their product. You do it for two reasons: One, customers like us a lot more when things work the way theyâre supposed to; and our cost structure goes down therefore maybe we donât have to increase our prices as much and we can be more competitive.

RAMBERG: And then, also, relationships matter.

Mr. PROSEN: Oh thisâ¦

RAMBERG: So, if you have a good relationship, you can do more within that relationship.

Mr. PROSEN: Oh, definitely. People like to do business with people they like. So, lets make sure we stay in touch with our clients. Customize what we touch them with. You know, for instance, when I travel and I deal with business people, I always carry thank you notes in my briefcase. When Iâm finished, I send them a note. Itâs a rarity these days to even get a thank you note.

RAMBERG: Yeah, it absolutely is. So, about how much can you raise prices by? Can you suddenly figure out that your costs are gone up so much because of energy prices, or food prices, or gas prices, whatever it is, um--and raise it by 50%? Should you do it incrementally? Should you do it all at once? How does it work?

Mr. PROSEN: Yeah, thatâs a great question. It depends on what industry youâre in. It depends on what you customers are doing. It depends on a number of things that determine how much, and when, and the frequency of our ability to raise prices. Therefore, what I always recommend to business leaders is work on your cost structure; make sure youâre efficient and effective. Keep your costs as low as you can. Therefore, you can be more competitive on your pricing. Sometimes, you have to pass along the price. Other times, try to absorb what you can through improved efficiencies.

RAMBERG: Should you be looking at your competitors and how much theyâre charging?

Mr. PROSEN: Yes, you should absolutely be looking at your competitors. We always want to know what theyâre charging. And by the way, we want to differentiate our products and services from our competitors. And, if we can prove a higher value by dealing with us versus our competitor we should be able to articulate that, and we do it based on facts because we know whatâs going on in the industry.

RAMBERG: Alright, Bob I know a lot of people are thinking about raising prices so thanks for giving them some tips on how to actually do it.

Mr. PROSEN: My pleasure.

View the video transcript below and share your thoughts on the economic concepts that you believe are applicable.

Question# 1. Provide a rationale on whether or not a firm has to possess market power in order to raise prices.

How to Raise Prices Without Losing Customers

JJ RAMBERG, anchor:

Mr. BOB PROSEN: Thank you.

RAMBERG: So, if youâre going to raise prices on your customers, one of the things you say is donât surprise them. So, how do you give them warning?

RAMBERG: That seems to--to follow into your next point, or go right into your next point, which is, track the quality of your products.

RAMBERG: And then, also, relationships matter.

Mr. PROSEN: Oh thisâ¦

RAMBERG: So, if you have a good relationship, you can do more within that relationship.

RAMBERG: Should you be looking at your competitors and how much theyâre charging?

RAMBERG: Alright, Bob I know a lot of people are thinking about raising prices so thanks for giving them some tips on how to actually do it.

Mr. PROSEN: My pleasure.

1.The production possibilities frontier can be used to demonstrate which of the following?
(i) The best tradeoffs that individuals and societies should make
(ii) The tradeoffs forced on individuals and societies because of scarcity
(iii) The wealth maximizing output combination that an individual or society should choose

Select one:

a. (ii) only

b. (i), (ii) and (ii)

c. (i) only

d. (iii) only

2. Unlimited wants and limited resources:

Select one:

a. Can be overcome through innovation

b. Are not problems faced by wealthy industrialized nations

c. Necessitate choices about the goods to services to consume

d. Can be overcome by increasing wealth

3. What are the two sub-fields of economics?

Select one:

a. For-profit economics and not-for-profit economics

b. Private markets and the public sector

c. Microeconomics and macroeconomics

d. Market and non-market economics

4. What do economists mean by "self-interested behavior"?

Select one:

a. It means undertaking activities that benefit yourself and a small group of others who are important to you

b. It means undertaking activities motivated by greed

c. It means undertaking activities that maximize one's own welfare

d. It means wanting to pursue a life of leisure

5. When economists say that people act rationally, they mean that:

Select one:

a. People do not make incorrect choices

b. People are governed by what others think about them and act accordingly

c. People consider the significant consequences of their actions and make decisions that further their self-interests

d. There are certain common codes of conduct that everyone adheres to

6. Which of the following actions reflect self-interested behavior?
(i) Warren Buffett, one of the world's wealthiest individuals, donated more than $30 billion to humanitarian causes such as AIDS and tuberculosis initiatives.
(ii) Pfizer Inc., a private pharmaceutical company, sponsored a disease-management program for Florida's Medicaid patients with chronic illnesses such as asthma, diabetes and heart disease.
(iii) You agree to babysit your 8-year-old brother instead of going to a kick-boxing class.
(iv) You agree to babysit your 8-year-old brother instead of going to a kick-boxing class only if your mother pays you $8 an hour.

Select one:

a. All of the above actions except (iii)

b. All of the above actions

c. (ii) and (iii) only

d. (iv) only

7. Which of the following does not qualify as a market?

Select one:

a. Bloomingdales Department Store

b. The underground drug trade

c. Amazon.com

d. The French Immigration Department

8. Which of the following is not a key assumption of economics?

Select one:

a. People do not undertake activities that make others better off

b. People are self-interested

c. People have limited resources to acquire their wants

d. People are rational

9. Which of the following is not likely to cause the production possibility frontier to shift out?

Select one:

a. An increase in the quantity of innovations

b. An increase in specialization which allows people to develop higher levels of skill at their chosen profession

c. Developing markets where self-interested individuals can interact

d. Relying only on governments to allocate resources

10. Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Scarcity affects everyone, including very wealthy people

b. Rational people never make mistakes

c. Economists assume people are rational

d. Economists assume people have unlimited desires

11. Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. When you volunteer to help at a soup kitchen, you face an opportunity cost of your time

b. Mother Teresa faced trade-offs when deciding to help lepers in India rather than some other needy group

c. Economics brings tradeoffs to light but does not inform us of which trade-offs society should make

d. When the government funds research into cancer, it is able to avoid trade-offs because public funds are used rather than private funds

12. Which of the following topics does economics study: (i) the study of human behavior; (ii) the market for organ transplants; (iii) cost and benefits of building a suicide barrier in the Golden Gate Bridge; (iv) the functioning of political institutions.

Select one:

a. (i) and (iii) only

b. (ii) and (iii) only

c. All of the topics listed

d. All of the topics except (iv)

13. Which the following would be likely to raise your opportunity cost of going to college full-time?
(i) You have been offered a full-time job as wardrobe assistant to Paris Hilton that pays $60,000 per year.
(ii) You have been offered a merit scholarship that pays for two years of tuition.
(iii) Your landlord increases the rent on the apartment you are currently living in and will continue to live in even if you choose to attend college full-time.
(iv) An increase in the value of your college trust fund set up by your grandfather.

Select one:

a. All of the above

b. (i) and (iii) only

c. All of the above except (ii)

d. (i) only

14. While microeconomics is concerned with the behavior of individuals and firms, macroeconomics:

Select one:

a. Does not make use of "micro" ideas such as opportunity cost or self-interest

b. Is concerned with the performance of entire economies

c. Is concerned with normative matters such as fairness, equality and ethics

d. Is only concerned with government activity

15. You own a Ford car that has lousy gas mileage. You finally trade it for a Hyundai, which is equal in virtually every aspect except that the Hyundai gets much better mileage. What is likely to happen to your gas consumption?

Select one:

a. I get better gas mileage and since the cost of driving has gone down, I will drive more so my gas consumption will remain the same

b. It will fall since I will now use less gas

c. I get better gas mileage and since the cost of driving has gone down, I will drive more so the effect on my gas consumption is indeterminate

d. It will go up since I will now drive more

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ED1111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Little Penguin, Regular And Irregular Verbs, Rosemary Wells

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