HLTH2510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Hypothyroidism, Osteoarthritis, Obstructive Sleep Apnea
HLTH2510
Exercise, Health & Disease
Metabolic Disorders
Obesity & Weight Loss Strategies for Health
Definition
Obesity is defined as a severe excess of fat in proportion to lean body mass.
The term overweight is defined as a body weight that exceeds a reference threshold
value. Can be:
◦ Weight
◦ BMI
◦ %BF
The problem involves genetic and lifestyle (diet, physical inactivity) components.
Associated with, if not the principal cause of much disease and disability.
Body fat
Subcutaneous fat
Found under skin
Easy to mobilise (grab it)
Hard to metabolise
Visceral fat (dangerous!)
Surrounding organs
Negative endocrine effect
> TG count
> Insulin resistance
> Glucose intolerance
Fat distribution
Weight that is 20% above the recommended carries increased health risk.
◦ Metabolically healthy obese
◦ Metabolically unhealthy obese
◦ Metabolically healthy normal weight
Patterns of fat distribution also affect risk
Central/android
Lower-body/gynoid
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Central Body Obesity
Central body (Android) obesity
Occurs more frequently in males
Fat is localized around the waist and the upper body (chest, vital organs)
Apple shaped
Associated with greater levels of Visceral Fat and therefore poorer prognosis for
morbidity and mortality
Lower Body Obesity
Lower-body (gynoid) obesity
Occurs more frequently in females
Fat stored in the lower body around the hips, buttocks, and thighs
Pear shaped
Associated with greater levels of Subcutaneous Fat
Fat distribution & Risk
Australian Statistics
In 2017, around 30% of the adults in the world can be classified as overweight.
◦ 2017 around 10% obese
Australia is the 31st oese outries
Australians – 2/3 overweight or obese
Not just a prole ithi Australia….
Worldwide prevalence of obesity is greater than that of starvation (NCD-RisC, 2016)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Australian Statistics
If the crisis is not averted, obesity experts have warned, health costs could top $56.6
billion (NHMRC, 2015).
$21 billion in direct health costs
◦ Hospital admissions/physician services
◦ Rehabilitation
$35.6 billion in indirect health costs
◦ Health research
◦ Missed days from work
What leads to obesity
Positive energy balance
But due to what???
◦ Individual:
Diet
Physical inactivity
Medical issues
Genetics
Sleep
◦ Socioeconomic
Education
Poverty
◦ Environment
Access to PA
Access to Healthy food
Diet
One of the primary causes of obesity is taking in too many kilojoules (calories).
People now consume a lot of high-fat, fast food, resulting in their kJ intake
increasing.
◦ Take away & Fast Food account for 55% of all weekly meal
◦ Portion distortion
Food timing has changed
◦ “kippig reakfast = ↑ dail eerg epediture
◦ Dier too late = ↑ usle gloge → if not used leads to fat storage
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Obesity is defined as a severe excess of fat in proportion to lean body mass. The term overweight is defined as a body weight that exceeds a reference threshold value. The problem involves genetic and lifestyle (diet, physical inactivity) components. Associated with, if not the principal cause of much disease and disability. Weight that is 20% above the recommended carries increased health risk: metabolically healthy obese, metabolically unhealthy obese, metabolically healthy normal weight. Patterns of fat distribution also affect risk. Fat is localized around the waist and the upper body (chest, vital organs) Associated with greater levels of visceral fat and therefore poorer prognosis for morbidity and mortality. Fat stored in the lower body around the hips, buttocks, and thighs. Associated with greater levels of subcutaneous fat. In 2017, around 30% of the adults in the world can be classified as overweight: 2017 around 10% obese. Worldwide prevalence of obesity is greater than that of starvation (ncd-risc, 2016)