HPE100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Former State Routes In Pennsylvania, Relative Risk, Injury Prevention
6 Jun 2018
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HPE 100- Lecture 5
Health costs of Physical Inactivity
Significance to you
Work primarily in prevention:
• Primary prevention: refers to initiatives aimed at healthy people before any risk
factors emerge and is designed to prevent progression to disease
• Secondary Prevention: is focused on disease risk factors and the early stage of
disease with the intention of stopping further progression.
• Tertiary Prevention: refers to actions to prevent progression to complications of
disease
About half of potentially avoidable deaths are preventable through primary prevention, a
quarter through secondary prevention and a quarter through tertiary prevention.
GRAPH:*****
1. Younger people have a lower risk of dying from any cause
2. Overall mortality rate reduced as PA level increased
3. Lower relative risk for older ages with PA
4. Older people have greater benefits from increasing PA levels
Physically active people have lower risk of dying from any cause at any age
Disease Burden
Refers to the overall impact of diseases and injuries at the individual level, or at the
societal level or to the economic costs of diseases
National Health Priority Areas
1. Cancer control
2. Injury prevention and control
3. Cardiovascular health
4. Mental health
5. Diabetes mellitus
6. Asthma
7. Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
8. Obesity
Almost 8-9 in 10 of the adult Australian population have at least one of the following
cardiovascular risk factors: *****
• tobacco smoker
• physical inactivity
• high blood pressure
• overweight
• excessive alcohol consumption
• high cholesterol
• diabetes
~1/2 (44%) Australian adult population insufficiently active for health gain
(morbidity) to not have a quality of life
In WA PATF data: 40% insufficiently active or inactive (2009), slightly decreasing
from previous years
Health Costs …******
Direct and Indirect
Direct costs of physical inactivity
~8000pa. deaths in Australia
◦ 5,500 under 70 years
◦ 77,000 premature life-years lost
In 2006 physical inactivity is ranked 3rd/4th to tobacco control in important factor in
disease prevention
Indirect costs - Economic cost of reduced life expectancy (based on mortality rates)
• The first is an economic effect of a decline in the size of the labour force.
• This effectively means that less worker years are available to the labour force and
hence less output can be produced for the economy.
• Table 3 shows that physical inactivity cost Australia
• $3.8 billion in 2007/08 in potential lost future output.
Indirect costs - Healthcare Costs
• The increased number of medical conditions, as result of physical inactivity, leads
to increased medical costs.
• These are the direct healthcare costs incurred to treat the symptoms of (and
sometimes cure) these medical conditions.
• These healthcare costs would be shared between governments, through public
health care, private health insurance companies and by individuals who need to
make some out-of-pocket payments.
• These direct healthcare costs are offset by expenses associated with
participation in physical activity including sports injuries and fitness-related
expenses which have been determined to be $884 million in the research
calculations.
• This gives an estimated direct net cost of physical inactivity of $719 million per
annum to Australia as shown in Table 1.
Document Summary
About half of potentially avoidable deaths are preventable through primary prevention, a quarter through secondary prevention and a quarter through tertiary prevention. Graph:****: younger people have a lower risk of dying from any cause, overall mortality rate reduced as pa level increased, lower relative risk for older ages with pa, older people have greater benefits from increasing pa levels. Physically active people have lower risk of dying from any cause at any age. Refers to the overall impact of diseases and injuries at the individual level, or at the societal level or to the economic costs of diseases. National health priority areas: cancer control, injury prevention and control, cardiovascular health, mental health, diabetes mellitus, asthma, arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions, obesity. Almost 8-9 in 10 of the adult australian population have at least one of the following tobacco smoker cardiovascular risk factors: ****: physical inactivity, high blood pressure, overweight, excessive alcohol consumption, high cholesterol, diabetes.
