HPE100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cholesterol, Lipoprotein, Coronary Artery Disease
6 Jun 2018
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HPE100-Lecture 4
Physical Activity and Health Connections
Chronic disease
Chronic diseases are leading causes of death and disability in Australia.
Chronic diseases are also associated with high use of health care services,
contributing to major funding pressures in Australian health care that are expected
to rise over coming decades as prevalence increases.
The increased prevalence of chronic disease has been attributed to a range of causes
including the ageing of our population and lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical
inactivity and excess alcohol intake.
(AIHW)
Chronic disease – defined
Chronic diseases are illnesses that are prolonged in duration, do not often resolve
spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely.
Chronic diseases are complex and varied in terms of their nature, how they are
caused and the extent of their impact on the community.
Some chronic diseases make large contributions to premature death, others
contribute more to disability. Some may last indefinitely, whereas others may
resolve over time.
Features to most chronic diseases include: complex causality, with multiple factors
leading to their onset
a long development period, some of which may have no symptoms
a prolonged course of illness, perhaps leading to other health complications and
associated functional impairment or disability.
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risk Factors*******
National health priorities
1. Cancer control
2. Injury prevention and control
3. Cardiovascular health
4. Mental health
5. Diabetes mellitus
6. Asthma
7. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders
8. Obesity
Disease Burden– In Australia
Around 800 000 Australians are estimated to have a psychiatric condition serious
enough to cause disability
Diabetes prevalence has more than doubled since the 1980s and is estimated to
affect about a million Australian adults
Self-reported diabetes among Indigenous Australians in 2001 was almost 4 times
as high as for other Australians
Arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions cause more disability than any
other medical condition, affecting about 34% of all people with a disability
Disease Burden in 2020
In 2020 it is projected that heart disease, depression and road traffic accidents will
be the leading causes.
Not all infectious diseases will fall with tuberculosis maintaining its position and HIV
rising in the rankings.
By 2020, the burden of disease attributable to tobacco is expected to outweigh that
cause by any single disease (9% of total burden, compared with 6% for heart
disease).
By 2020, the burden of disease attributable to obesity will rise significantly
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Significance to you – Type of prevention
Prevention: Approaches and activities aimed at reducing the likelihood that a
disease or disorder will affect an individual, interrupting or slowing the progress of
the disorder or reducing disability.
Primary Prevention: refers to initiatives aimed at healthy people before any risk
factors emerge and is designed to prevent progression to disease
Secondary prevention: is focused on disease risk factors and the early stage of
disease with the intention of stopping further progression.
Tertiary prevention : refers to actions to prevent progression to complications of
disease
Physical Activity
Physical activity - many versions - Sport, leisure, occupational, home maintenance
We need to educate people that physical activity is natural; is about moving large
muscles; is lifestyle choice; is about everyday activity
Key definitions ******
Mortality – refers to dying, death rate
Morbidity – the way of living, ability to function without pain, discomfort – quality of
life
Physical activity= bodily movement that is produced by contraction of skeletal
muscles and that substantially increases energy expenditure
A broad term – includes sport, exercise, physical recreations, dance, occupational,
home & garden care PA
Exercise = activity conducted with the intention of developing physical fitness
Physical Fitness = physical abilities, attributes to enable people to perform PA, e.g.,
strength, flexibility, power, endurance
Physical fitness has multiple components
Health related= those components of PF that have a relationship with good health,
e.g., body composition, cardio vascular fitness, flexibility, muscle fitness
Skill related= those components that have a relationship with enhanced
performance in sports and motor skills, e.g., agility, balance, coordination, power,
speed, reaction time.
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find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chronic diseases are leading causes of death and disability in australia. Chronic diseases are also associated with high use of health care services, contributing to major funding pressures in australian health care that are expected to rise over coming decades as prevalence increases. The increased prevalence of chronic disease has been attributed to a range of causes including the ageing of our population and lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity and excess alcohol intake. (aihw) Chronic diseases are illnesses that are prolonged in duration, do not often resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely. Chronic diseases are complex and varied in terms of their nature, how they are caused and the extent of their impact on the community. Some chronic diseases make large contributions to premature death, others contribute more to disability. Some may last indefinitely, whereas others may resolve over time. Features to most chronic diseases include: complex causality, with multiple factors leading to their onset.
