HPE110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Pivot Joint, Carpal Bones, Supraspinatus Muscle
HB101-Lecture 4
Test 2 opens 5pm 24th August
Toda’s Leture
Functional Anatomy Upper Limb
-Bone morphology
-Joint DOF and ROM
-Muscular morphology
-Injury
-Functional movements
Upper Limb
In humans less developed for locomotion than in primates, bipedalism
Skeletal similarities to lower limb
Smaller PCSA muscles
DOF and ROM enhanced for versatility of interaction with the environment
Manipulation of objects
Expression
Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder
The shoulder girdle consists of FOUR major articulations (joints), often combined as
the shoulder ople
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral (shoulder joint)
Scapulothoracic
The combined function of these joints stabilise, support and produce movement of
the whole upper limb complex.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Sternoclavicular joint
The only bony connection between the humerus and axial skeleton.
Equivalent loads to the hip joint for handstand, yet similar size of 1st MTP joint (small
joint – big force!)
Clavicle distal attachment
-Scapula; Acromion process
Strongly reinforced by musculature, due to >ROM
Sternoclavicular motion closely related to scapula movement
Sternoclavicular joint
Proximal (bulbous end) clavicle articulates with sternum and cartilage of 1st rib.
3 DOF
Elevation/Depression
○ Frontal plane
Protraction/Retraction
○ TransversePlane
Rotation (Minimal)
○ Sagittal plane
○ Strongest joint capsule to prevent subluxation / dislocation (bone on
bone)
Acromioclavicular Joint
Articulation of acromion (scapula) & distal (flat) end of clavicle.
Acromioclavicular ligament strengthens joint superiorly.
Coracoclavicular ligament further stabilizes joint.
Synergistic movement with sternoclavicular joint.
Joint handles large contact stresses (hip and shoulder bump) due to large axial
loading
GLENOHUMERAL (Shoulder) JOINT
Ball and socket (triaxial)
Glenoid fossa of scapula
Spherical head of humerus
Highly unstable joint
Large ROM due to size differences between humeral head and glenoid fossa
Heavily reliant on musculature for stability
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Scapula Movements
• Primarily through elevation depression of sternoclavicular
joint
• Motion results in some scapula adduction
• Peak depression at anatomical position
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
In humans less developed for locomotion than in primates, bipedalism. Dof and rom enhanced for versatility of interaction with the environment. The shoulder girdle consists of four major articulations (joints), often combined as the (cid:862)shoulder (cid:272)o(cid:373)ple(cid:454)(cid:863) The combined function of these joints stabilise, support and produce movement of the whole upper limb complex. The only bony connection between the humerus and axial skeleton. Equivalent loads to the hip joint for handstand, yet similar size of 1st mtp joint (small joint big force!) Strongly reinforced by musculature, due to >rom. Sternoclavicular motion closely related to scapula movement. Proximal (bulbous end) clavicle articulates with sternum and cartilage of 1st rib. Strongest joint capsule to prevent subluxation / dislocation (bone on bone) Articulation of acromion (scapula) & distal (flat) end of clavicle. Joint handles large contact stresses (hip and shoulder bump) due to large axial loading. Large rom due to size differences between humeral head and glenoid fossa.
