HPE162 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Substance Abuse, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Parental Leave
HPE162
Lecture 3
Review questions lecture 2
1. Discuss the differences between the illnesses that contribute towards mortality and
morbidity in Australia.
2. How do the social determinants of health impact on the health status of individuals?
3. How can the social determinants of health explain the health inequities (gap)
between aboriginal and non-aboriginal people? Include an example for each
determinant.
The Early Years
10th social determinant
• Whos ‘esposiility is it to raise our hildre?
• Individualistic vs. collective approach
• Possibly the most important.
• Intervene with children – before beliefs and attitudes solidified.
• The health impacts of early development and education lasts a lifetime.
• Foundations for adult health are laid in early childhood and before birth.
• Poor foetal development is a risk for health in later life
• Interrelated with social gradient and social exclusion
Foetal Development
• Poor circumstances during pregnancy can lead to less than optimal foetal
development
May include:
• Deficiencies in nutrition in
pregnancy,
• Maternal
• Maternal
• Misuse of drugs and alcohol,
• Insufficient
• Inadequate prenatal care.
(Nelson, 2000)
There are critical times for development during which time the child's brain needs
appropriate stimulation to establish
Many critical periods for brain development have occurred by
If children do not receive appropriate nutrition and stimulation necessary for development
at these times, they will have great difficulty overcoming these deficits later in life
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Why? (Nelson, 2000)
• During early development of the brain – over production of neurons and synapses –
later selectively pruned.
• This process affected by genes and environmental influences:
• Genes supply the rough
• Then stimulation from the environment, whether its light ipigig o the retia or
• A others oie o the auditory ere,
• This turns genes on and off, fine-tuning those brain structures both before and after
irth.
• Its all about stimulation.
• Ho do e easure Australia Childres Wellbeing?
• Compared International child and young people wellbeing ranking from Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Countries.
• Based on Domains of wellbeing (ARACY 2013).
- Material wellbeing - Relative income poverty, Joblessness
- Health and safety - Infant health Immunisation, Mental health
Accidental injury Child abuse & neglect
- Education, training and employment - School achievement, Transition
to employment
- Peer and family relationship - Family relationships, Sense of belonging
- Behaviours and risks – Obesity, Cigarette smoking, Teenage fertility,
Crime, Illicit drug use Road deaths
- Subjective wellbeing - Self-reported health
- Participation - Community participation
- Environment – home and greenhouse gas emissions
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How do we do compared to other OECD Countries (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development)
• Australia is ranked in the:
– top third for around one-quarter of the indicators (12/46 indicators).
– Middle third for almost one-half of indicators (21/46 indicators).
– Bottom third (13 out of 46 indicators).
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Foetal development: poor circumstances during pregnancy can lead to less than optimal foetal development. May include: deficiencies in nutrition in pregnancy, maternal, maternal, misuse of drugs and alcohol, There are critical times for development during which time the child"s brain needs appropriate stimulation to establish. Many critical periods for brain development have occurred by. If children do not receive appropriate nutrition and stimulation necessary for development at these times, they will have great difficulty overcoming these deficits later in life. Its all about stimulation: ho(cid:449) do (cid:449)e (cid:373)easure australia(cid:374) childre(cid:374)(cid:859)s wellbeing, compared international child and young people wellbeing ranking from organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd) countries, based on domains of wellbeing (aracy 2013). Material wellbeing - relative income poverty, joblessness. Health and safety - infant health immunisation, mental health. Education, training and employment - school achievement, transition to employment. Peer and family relationship - family relationships, sense of belonging. Behaviours and risks obesity, cigarette smoking, teenage fertility,
