CHEM215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Osteoporosis, Iron(Iii) Oxide, Myoglobin

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24 May 2018
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Lecture 24 Minerals
Minerals are nutritionally significant elements > composed of only one kind of
atom.
Minerals are inorganic > do not contain carbon
Bulk minerals > higher quantities needed generally >100mg/day.
Trace minerals > only small amounts required generally <100mg/day.
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Lecture 24 Minerals
Calcium:
Source > milk and milk products, small fish with bones, tofu, some green
vegetables, legumes. Pretty widespread as it is important for cells in plants as well
as animals.
Requirements > 1g/day for adults
Biochemical roles >
-mineral for bones and teeth
-involved in muscle contraction and relaxation.
-nerve function
-blood clotting
-blood pressure
Deficiency symptoms > stunted growth in children, osteoporosis in adults.
Toxicity > UL is 2.5g/day; usually excreted if in excess.
Bones - calcium and phosphorous:
-70% of bones is composed of hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)OH].
-Enamel in teeth is predominantly apatite, but with F in place of some of the OH
groups. Enamel on teeth is made up of crystals that are stronger and longer than in
bones.
-Body content of Ca = 1-1.5kg
-Body content of P = 0.75-1kg.
Phosphorous:
Sources > meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, processed foods
Biochemical roles:
-Part of every cell > phospholipids, DNA. Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer
of every cell.
-Involved in acid-base balance and energy transfer
Deficiency > muscle weakness and bone pain (rarely seen because of its
abundance in foods)
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Document Summary

Calcium: source > milk and milk products, small fish with bones, tofu, some green vegetables, legumes. Pretty widespread as it is important for cells in plants as well as animals: requirements > 1g/day for adults, biochemical roles > Blood pressure: deficiency symptoms > stunted growth in children, osteoporosis in adults, toxicity > ul is 2. 5g/day; usually excreted if in excess, bones - calcium and phosphorous: 70% of bones is composed of hydroxyapatite [ca5(po4)oh]. Enamel in teeth is predominantly apatite, but with f in place of some of the oh groups. Enamel on teeth is made up of crystals that are stronger and longer than in bones. Phosphorous: sources > meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, processed foods, biochemical roles: Phospholipids form the lipid bilayer of every cell. Involved in acid-base balance and energy transfer: deficiency > muscle weakness and bone pain (rarely seen because of its abundance in foods) Lecture 24 minerals: toxicity > may cause ca2+ excretion; ul is 4000mg/day.