PSYC121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Erik Erikson, Developmental Psychology, Fluid And Crystallized Intelligence
Document Summary
Cohort effect - when cognitive task performance is compared cross-sectionally, factors such as schooling, familiarity with test formats and settings etc. can disadvantage the performance of certain age groups. Crystallised intelligence - the ability to use learned knowledge and experience. Fluid intelligence - the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns. The study of developmental psychology is not confined to the study of babies and children. Currently, there is a greater emphasis on understanding development beyond childhood and adolescence, mainly due to: Increased life expectancy: more recent theoretical perspectives acknowledging development as lifelong - with most involving growth, maintenance and managing loss at differences stages. Erik erikson proposed 8 stages spanning the lifespan. At each stage, the individual faces a developmental task. Each task provokes a crisis, which is an opportunity for steaming ahead, or a danger point for psychological derailment. He believed that psychological crises determined the balance between opposing polarities in personality.
