AMME2262 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Forced Convection, Phonon, Propulsive Efficiency

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Diffuser: changing kinetic energy of fluid into pressure energy. Nozzle: accelerating the fluid to the highest possible velocity (converting pressure energy into kinetic energy) Propulsive power is the thrust acting on the aircraft through a distance per unit time. Thrust (propulsive force) (cid:1832)=(cid:4666)(cid:1865) (cid:1848)(cid:4667)(cid:3032)(cid:3047) (cid:4666)(cid:1865) (cid:1848)(cid:4667)(cid:3041)(cid:3039)(cid:3032)(cid:3047)=(cid:1865) (cid:4666)(cid:1848)(cid:3032)(cid:3047) (cid:1848)(cid:3041)(cid:3039)(cid:3032)(cid:3047)(cid:4667) (cid:1849) =(cid:1832)(cid:1848)(cid:3045)(cid:3045)(cid:3033)(cid:3047)=(cid:1865) (cid:4666)(cid:1848)(cid:3032)(cid:3047) (cid:1848)(cid:3041)(cid:3039)(cid:3032)(cid:3047)(cid:4667)(cid:1848)(cid:3045)(cid:3045)(cid:3033)(cid:3047) (cid:1831)(cid:1866)(cid:1870) (cid:1866)(cid:1868)(cid:1873)(cid:1872) (cid:1870)(cid:1872)=(cid:1849) (cid:1843) (cid:3041) Deviation of actual gas-turbine cycles from idealized ones. Reasons: irreversibilities in turbine and compressors, pressure drops, heat losses. Isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine. Conduction: the diffusion of heat by molecules colliding into each other, electron transport and lattice vibration. Convection: the transport of heat through the movement of particles (mass) Radiation: the loss or gain of energy through the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation. Conduction dominates in mediums where molecular transport is negligible: dominant in solids, dominant mode of heat transfer only in special cases for liquids and solids.

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