BIOL1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Elastic Cartilage, Medulla Oblongata, Respiratory Tract

30 views10 pages

ambercattle379

19 May 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Describe the structures of the human respiratory system and state their functions

Ventilation or breathing - movement of air into and out of the lungs

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in lungs and blood

Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues

Respiration

upper and lower respiratory tracts, separated by pharynx

Structure

Function

Nasal

cavity

Hollow space within the nose and skull

Lined with hairs and mucus membrane

Where air enters respiratory system

Filters warms and moistens air before reaches the

lungs

Palate

Roof of mouth

Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity

Soft and hard palates

Separates oral and nasal cavities, forms roof of

mouth

Vocal

cords

Twin infoldings of mucous membrane streetched horizontally, from

back to front across larynx

Vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound

for speech

Pharyn

(throat)

Found behind nasal cavity

Behind mouth, above oesophagus and larynx

Attached to skull and surrounding structures by thick fibres of muscle

and connective tissue

Conducting zone of respiratory system

Warms, moitens air and conducts it to lungs

Larynx

Composed of 3 large unpaired cartilages and intrinsic muscles

Voice box

Located between pharynx and trachea

Passage for air from laryngo-pharynx to trachea

Vocal chords present

Epiglott

Flap made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous

membrane, attached to entrance of larynx

Covers opening to larynx (glottis) during

swallowing

Piece of cartilage preventing food and liquids from

entering trachea

Trachea

Composed of rings of tough cartilage

Divides into 2 smaller tubes called bronchi, one bronchus for each

lung

Passage for air from larynx to bronchi

Bronchi

(singula

r =

bronch

us)

Primary, secondary and tertiary (branch off each other (primary is first

branch)

Extensions of trachea

Shuttles air to and from lungs

Part of conducting zone

Conducts air from trachea to bronchiole

6a)

Saturday, 22 April 2017

4:14 PM

6. Respiratory system Page 1

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 10 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

us)

Part of conducting zone

Lungs

Actual site of external respiration

○

Gas exchange between air and blood

○

Alveolar lining one cell thick, maximises diffusion by

creating large SA/V ratio

○

Surrounded by many capillaries from pulmonary

circulation

○

Surfactant moistens and separates alveoli membranes, and

allows alveoli to stay open

○

Alveoli in lung tissue

Organ for gaseous exchange

Diaphra

Dome shaped sheet of muscle and tendon

Sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across bottom of the

thoracic cavity

Muscle and tendon sheet that lowers and lifts to

change thorax volume and so facilitate breathing

Interco

stal

muscles

Several groups of muscles that run between the ribs and help form

and move the chest wall

Involved in mechanical aspect of breathing

Contract and raise rib cage during inspiration

Pulmon

ary

artery

Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Pulmon

ary vein

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Medulla oblongata (brain) - has respiratory centres, damage to here would interfere with breathing

6. Respiratory system Page 2

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 10 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

6. Respiratory system Page 3

Unlock document

This preview shows pages 1-3 of the document.
Unlock all 10 pages and 3 million more documents.

Already have an account? Log in

Document Summary

Describe the structures of the human respiratory system and state their functions. Ventilation or breathing - movement of air into and out of the lungs. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in lungs and blood. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues upper and lower respiratory tracts, separated by pharynx. Filters warms and moistens air before reaches the lungs. Separates oral and nasal cavities, forms roof of mouth. Twin infoldings of mucous membrane streetched horizontally, from back to front across larynx. Vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound for speech. Attached to skull and surrounding structures by thick fibres of muscle and connective tissue. Composed of 3 large unpaired cartilages and intrinsic muscles. Flap made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to entrance of larynx. Warms, moitens air and conducts it to lungs.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following are considered blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)

Veins

Arteries \

Epithelial tissue

Capillaries

Epidermis

2. The middle muscle layer found in the walls of the heart is the __________.

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Aorta

3. Blood is transported throughout the body via ___________.

Veins
Arteries

Capillaries

All of the above

4. The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the ______________.

Abdominal cavity

Lungs

Dorsal cavity

Cranium

5. Blood carries which of the following?

Oxygen and cellular waste

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and cellular waste

Nutrients, hormones, enzymes

Oxygen, nutrients, enzymes

6. Vocal chords are found in the ____________.

Bronchus

Trachea

Larynx and Pharynx

Nasal cavity

7. The trachea is mostly lined by ________________.

Alveoli

Ciliated

mucous membrane

Lung capillaries
Vocal chords

8. Excess CO2 from the body is __________________.

Stored in the pancreas

Digested by cells

Excreted by the respiration process

Used to make ATP

9. CO2 from the body is released into the lungs via _________________.

Ciliated mucous membrane

Alveolar air

Nasal cavity

Bronchial tree

10. The principal function(s) of gas exchange is ____________________.

To supply cells with oxygen

To remove CO2 from the body

Both A and B

Neither of the above

One of the most common chronic conditions affecting the respiratory system is asthma. Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways. When an asthma attack is triggered, the airways become even more inflamed and can restrict breathing. Common symptoms during an asthma attacks include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal. People with a family history of asthma are more likely to have the condition. While there is no cure for asthma, proper medical care and a management plan can help to maintain quality of life for people living with asthma. There are different types of asthma, each with their own triggers and management plans. Type Description Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB), or Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) Some people only experience asthma symptoms during exercise. Exercise-induced asthma causes the narrowing of airways during exercise, which restricts the flow of air to and from the lungs. Cold, dry air tends to exacerbate symptoms, while warm, humid air may reduce symptoms. People with exercise-induced asthma should work with their doctor to create a management plan that still allows them to exercise while keeping their symptoms under control. Allergic Asthma Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. It is triggered by inhaling allergen particulates, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold. The bodyâs reaction to the allergens causes inflammation that results in coughing, wheezing, and other symptoms of asthma. Occupational Asthma Occupational asthma is caused by the frequent inhalation (breathing) of gases, fumes, dust, or other harmful substances in the workplace. Employees working in the chemical or petroleum industries are frequently exposed to chemicals such as Sulphur dioxide or hydrochloric acid, and may develop occupational asthma after prolonged exposure. Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is usually developed before age 5. It is a condition that affects millions of children. It is vital that childhood asthma is properly controlled to prevent damage to the developing lungs Risk factors: â¢ Allergies â¢ Family history â¢ Frequent respiratory infections â¢ Low birth-weight â¢ Second-hand smoke â¢ Residing in a low-income, urban environment

Asthma symptoms that are triggered by exposure to pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites is indicative of which of the following types of asthma:

Occupational asthma

Childhood asthma

Allergic asthma

Exercise-induced asthma

aquamarinecaribou889

BIOL1003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Elastic Cartilage, Medulla Oblongata, Respiratory Tract

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOL1003 Study Guide - Blood Plasma, Exosphere, Preterm Birth

BIOL 2510 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Stratified Squamous Epithelium, Lung, Bronchus

HSC 211 Lecture 13: Chapter 13 Lecture Notes

Related Questions