BIOL1003 Lecture 12: Lecture 12 BIOL - Respiratory System

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Upper respiratory tract: bring in air, condition air. Lower respiratory tract (trachea divides into two bronchi. Alveoli in the ling tissue: actual site of external respiration, i. e. gas exchange between air and blood, surface area 60-80m2, alveolar lining one cell thick, surrounded by many capillaries from pulmonary circulation. At rest, breath about 12 times/min (breathe one inhalation and one exhalation), i. e. respiration rate. Volume of air entering or leaving lungs approx. 350ml of 500ml reaches alveoli and involved in gas exchange (rest remains in airways i. e. dead air volume). Lungs contained in thoracic cavity closed chamber. Thoracic cavity (diaphragm, ribs, vertebral column, sternum, intercostal muscles) Pleura: connective tissue surrounding lungs and inside of the thoracic cavity. Thin film of liquid between pleura allow two surfaces to stick together by surface tension. Therefore, volume changes of thoracic cavity reflected by volume changes in lungs.

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