BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Gut Flora, Herbivore, Plant Cell

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19 May 2018
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Understand links between morphology, physiology and behaviour
Coping mechanism = morphology + physiology + behaviour
Classically about animals
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Involves interaction with environment and stimulus:response
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e.g. lizard cools feet on hot desert sand by alternating lifting of feet
Abiotic environment
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Foraging
Win/choosing mates
Biotic environment
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Behaviour and environment types
Part of how organisms respond to biotic and abiotic environment
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Skull morphology, gut, gut flora, liver enzymes, metabolism
In behaviours: foraging strategies, social behaviour, communication etc
e.g. carnivores differ to herbivores
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Morphology - teeth, guts
Physiology - capacity to digest plant cell wall in grass
Social behaviour - group size, conflict between feeding, safety, mates
e.g. gelada baboon foraging behaviour is linked to its
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Behaviour
Together with morphology and physiology
Natural selection acts on behaviour
Many behaviours adaptive eg. If male display doesn't attract female, then reproductive
success = 0
Insect herbivores consume vegetative parts of plants e.g. leaves
Insects pollinate about 2/3 of all plants, often with food rewards e.g. nectar
Evidence that feeding on high quality food -> increased reproductive output
(no. of total eggs laid)
e.g. Small heath butterfly (coenonympha pamphilus)
Plant-insect interactions
Effect of behaviour on fitness
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Appreciate ecological & evolutionary significance of behaviour
L19 - individuals, behaviour & environment
Saturday, 4 November 2017
8:50 PM
mod 4 - ecology and ecosystems Page 1
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Link between individuals and their environment
Affects demographics (population level outcomes)
Affects interactions among species (community level outcomes0
Ecological significance
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Has some genetic basis (nature vs. nurture)
Affects fitness
Can be selected
Evolutionary significance
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Through observation (inter- and intra-specific comparisons and manipulative experiments can see…
Understand various behavioural strategies to obtain food, avoid
being food and for reproducing
3 key aspects of behaviour
Obtaining food
Ambush predators - camouflage, increases prob of prey encounter
Active predators - agile, fast, increase prob of prey encounter
Foraging strategies linked with morphology and physiology
What they heat - frugivore, herbivore, nectivore, carnivore etc
How its obtained (ambush or active)
Diet breadth - specialist -> generalist
Foraging strategies defined by
Non-random, individuals make choices
Modelled which food items to eat in a non-depleting
environment
Predicts foragers should maximise net rate of food intake
Focuses on energy gain
Optimal foraging theory
Modelled when to leave a food patch in a depleting
environment
Predicts foragers should quit food patches when
Marginal value theorem
Theories on how they choose where and what to eat?
Common features of all foraging strategies
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Document Summary

Coping mechanism = morphology + physiology + behaviour. Part of how organisms respond to biotic and abiotic environment. Behaviour and environment types e. g. lizard cools feet on hot desert sand by alternating lifting of feet. Skull morphology, gut, gut flora, liver enzymes, metabolism. In behaviours: foraging strategies, social behaviour, communication etc e. g. gelada baboon foraging behaviour is linked to its. Physiology - capacity to digest plant cell wall in grass. Social behaviour - group size, conflict between feeding, safety, mates. Many behaviours adaptive eg. if male display doesn"t attract female, then reproductive success = 0. Insect herbivores consume vegetative parts of plants e. g. leaves. Insects pollinate about 2/3 of all plants, often with food rewards e. g. nectar. Insects pollinate about 2/3 of all plants, often with food rewards e. g. nectar e. g. small heath butterfly (coenonympha pamphilus) Evidence that feeding on high quality food -> increased reproductive output (no. of total eggs laid) mod 4 - ecology and ecosystems page 1.

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