BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Cytoskeleton, Prokaryote, Lipid Bilayer
e.g. endocrine cells can respond to homeostatic signals and release hormones
○
Voluntary muscle
○
Over 3.5 bill years, some cells have evolved complex structures and functions
-
Describe the theories on cell evolution
Screen clipping taken: 30/09/2017 12:09 AM
ER - stores calcium, stimulates enzyme, DNA encapsulated in nucleus
-
Screen clipping taken: 30/09/2017 12:21 AM
Evolution of nucleus
Evolution of mitochondria
Make sure you can name functions of
organelles
L12 - cell diversity
Friday, 29 September 2017
11:06 PM
Mod 2 Energy Systems and Cells Page 1
Screen clipping taken: 30/09/2017 12:22 AM
Cytoskeleton - long piece of protein allowing cell to move
-
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Simple
-
Screen clipping taken: 29/09/2017 11:23 PM
NO MEMBRANE ENRICHED NUCLEUS
-
Flagellum - adaptational advantage, spins like propeller, allows it to move
forward
-
Cell wall gives it rigidity
-
Bacteria - peptidoglycan (sugar and amino acid lattice), major constituent of cell
wall
-
Archaea - do NOT have peptidoglycan as major constituent of cell wall, often live
in extreme conditions e.g. anoxic mud, petroleum deposits, hot temps
-
HAS NUCLEUS
-
Protists - single cell eukaryotes
-
Fungi
-
Plants
-
Animals
-
Remember! Plant cells have cell wall
ER is connected to nucleus
-
Nucleus has pores
-
Screen clipping taken: 30/09/2017 12:24 AM
Mod 2 Energy Systems and Cells Page 2
Document Summary
Make sure you can name functions of organelles. Over 3. 5 bill years, some cells have evolved complex structures and functions e. g. endocrine cells can respond to homeostatic signals and release hormones. Er - stores calcium, stimulates enzyme, dna encapsulated in nucleus. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 1. Cytoskeleton - long piece of protein allowing cell to move. Flagellum - adaptational advantage, spins like propeller, allows it to move forward. Bacteria - peptidoglycan (sugar and amino acid lattice), major constituent of cell wall. Archaea - do not have peptidoglycan as major constituent of cell wall, often live in extreme conditions e. g. anoxic mud, petroleum deposits, hot temps. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 2. Describe the composition of lipid bilayer cell membranes. Phosphate and oxygen head, oxygen is negatively charged attracting h of water. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 3. Water is adapter molecule holds carbohydrate and hydrophobic head together.