BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Cytoskeleton, Prokaryote, Lipid Bilayer

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19 May 2018
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e.g. endocrine cells can respond to homeostatic signals and release hormones
Voluntary muscle
Over 3.5 bill years, some cells have evolved complex structures and functions
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Describe the theories on cell evolution
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ER - stores calcium, stimulates enzyme, DNA encapsulated in nucleus
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Evolution of nucleus
Evolution of mitochondria
Make sure you can name functions of
organelles
L12 - cell diversity
Friday, 29 September 2017
11:06 PM
Mod 2 Energy Systems and Cells Page 1
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Cytoskeleton - long piece of protein allowing cell to move
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Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Simple
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Screen clipping taken: 29/09/2017 11:23 PM
NO MEMBRANE ENRICHED NUCLEUS
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Flagellum - adaptational advantage, spins like propeller, allows it to move
forward
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Cell wall gives it rigidity
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Bacteria - peptidoglycan (sugar and amino acid lattice), major constituent of cell
wall
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Archaea - do NOT have peptidoglycan as major constituent of cell wall, often live
in extreme conditions e.g. anoxic mud, petroleum deposits, hot temps
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HAS NUCLEUS
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Protists - single cell eukaryotes
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Fungi
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Plants
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Animals
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Remember! Plant cells have cell wall
ER is connected to nucleus
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Nucleus has pores
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Mod 2 Energy Systems and Cells Page 2
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Document Summary

Make sure you can name functions of organelles. Over 3. 5 bill years, some cells have evolved complex structures and functions e. g. endocrine cells can respond to homeostatic signals and release hormones. Er - stores calcium, stimulates enzyme, dna encapsulated in nucleus. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 1. Cytoskeleton - long piece of protein allowing cell to move. Flagellum - adaptational advantage, spins like propeller, allows it to move forward. Bacteria - peptidoglycan (sugar and amino acid lattice), major constituent of cell wall. Archaea - do not have peptidoglycan as major constituent of cell wall, often live in extreme conditions e. g. anoxic mud, petroleum deposits, hot temps. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 2. Describe the composition of lipid bilayer cell membranes. Phosphate and oxygen head, oxygen is negatively charged attracting h of water. Mod 2 energy systems and cells page 3. Water is adapter molecule holds carbohydrate and hydrophobic head together.

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