BIOL1007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Lazzaro Spallanzani, Louis Pasteur, Robert Hooke
Describe the history of microbiology and the idea of spontaneous
generation; Pasteur’s germ theory
1664
Hooke's microscope allowed observations of about 30X magnification
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Robert Hooke described structure of blue moulds
1684
With more powerful microscopes, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered "wee
animacules"
First recording of bacteria
Used specimen pin and objective
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1745-48
There is a life force present in the molecules of all inorganic matter, including air,
that can cause spontaneous generation to occur
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John Needham
L15 - infectious diseases and the concept of one health
Wednesday, 11 October 2017
9:49 PM
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1768
Similar experiment to Needham
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Boiled broth and sealed flask - showing microbes did not re-appear as long as the
material was sealed
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Microbes move through the air -> can be killed by boiling
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Lazzaro Spallanzani
1861
Debunked theory of spontaneous generation (non-living objects can give rise to
living organisms)
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Experiment with swan-necked flask
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Louis Pasteur
Creatures strive for greater perfection and move up the ladder
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New organisms arise by spontaneous generation to fill the vacated places
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Jean Baptiste (nasi) Lamarck
1876
First proof of Germ Theory of Disease
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Invented staining and purification methods including bacterial growth media and
agar
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Koch's post-doc, Julius Richard Petri invented the Petri dish
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Able to identify the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax
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Work led to germ theory of infectious disease
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Koch's postulates (refer below)
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Robert Koch
1928
Discovers penicillin
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Fleming accidentally came across Petri dish with mould growing one it, however
all bacterial colonies around it were dead
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Work discovered by Howard Florey and Ernst Chain - who purified penicillin and
found it could cure mice of bacterial infection
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Led to discovery of many antibiotics soon after
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Alexander Fleming
Today
Advanced molecular techniques
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Sophisticated microscopy
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Range of growth media
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New opportunities
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