EXSS2021 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Null Hypothesis, Null Result, Longitudinal Study
4 Sep 2018
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Critical appraisal: process of systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness and value and relevance in clinical practice. Random allocation: experimenters dividing participants into each experimental condition to reduce bias. Cross over: longitudinal study where participants receive different/sequential treatments. Single blind: information which may bias results is concealed from tester or subjects. Double blind: information concealed from tester and subjects. Null hypothesis: hypothesis that there is no significant difference between populations. P value: level of marginal significance representing probability of a given event. Type 1 errors: incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis. Type 2 errors: incorrectly retaining a false null hypothesis. Descriptive studies: describes a population and magnitude of a problem. Representative sample: random sample of a whole population. Analytical study: deals with specific question and causality (eg. rct, cs, cc) Causality: intervention work, factors, determinants of a disease, predictors. Statistically significant: relationship caused by something other than random chance, may be statistically significant but not biologically important.
