300817 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Planctomycetes, Nucleoid, Prokaryote

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28 Oct 2018

School

UWS

Department

University of Western Sydney

Course

300817

Professor

unknown

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Document Summary

The division between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is usually considered the most important distinction or difference among organisms. The distinction is that eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus containing their dna, whereas prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain large rna/ protein structures called ribosomes, which produce protein. Another difference is that ribosomes in prokaryotes are smaller than in eukaryotes. However, two organelles found in many eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts, contain ribosomes similar in size and makeup to those found in prokaryotes. this is one of many pieces of evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts are themselves descended from free-living bacteria. This theory holds that early eukaryotic cells took in primitive prokaryotic cells by phagocytosis and adapted themselves to incorporate their structures, leading to the mitochondria we see today. The genome in a prokaryote is held within a dna/protein complex in the cytosol called the nucleoid, which lacks a nuclear envelope.

Related Questions

Question 1

The presence of which of the following is a distinguishablecharacteristic between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

a. Translation using ribosomes

b. the ability to metabolize simple sugars

c. The ability to replicate a DNA genome

d. internal membranes making separate compartments for differentfunctions

Question 2

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding phosphategroups

a. phosphate groups are added to proteins found only on theoutside of cells or inside membrane-bound organelles

b. phosphate groups can be added to the amino acids tyrosine,serine, and threonine to control functions of proteins

c. phosphate groups are hydrophilic

d. phosphate groups can be found in some types of proteins,nucleic acids and lipids

Question 3

The Endosymbiont Theory is supported by which of thefollowing?

a. Endosymbiosis occurs naturally in modern times

b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular genomes seperatefrom the nuclear genomes

c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have other biochemicalcharacteristics more similar to prokaryotes than eukaryotes

d. all of the above

limehyena595

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

centrioles and motor proteins

microtubules and motor proteins

actin filaments and motor proteins

actin filaments and microtubules

actin filaments and ribosomes

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The negatively charged oxygen atom attracts the positively charged hydrogen atoms.

The oxygen is found between the two hydrogens.

It remains liquid even at very low temperatures.

Both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.

Its electrons spend more time with its oxygen than with either hydrogen.

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotes have cells while eukaryotes do not.

Eukaryotic cells have more intracellular organelles than prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes are generally larger than eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes are not able to carry out aerobic respiration, relying instead on anaerobic metabolism.

Which of the following is not a necessary component of life?

needs energy

uses DNA for heredity

breathes oxygen

irritability

depends on other living forms

Lipids _____.

contain less energy than proteins and carbohydrates

are made by dehydration reactions

are insoluble in water

contain sulfur polymers

are made from glycerol, fatty acids, and nitrogen

What is biology?

the study of life

the study of genetics

the study of biomes

the study of the environment

the naming and classifying of species

_____ is an example of an element.

With what are saturated fats saturated?

Beryllium's atomic mass is 9, and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium atom?

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

Flag this Question

Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

300817 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Planctomycetes, Nucleoid, Prokaryote

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