ANHB3324 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Pharyngeal Arch, Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Dorsal Root Ganglion

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LECTURE THREE: Overview of Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerves:
Emerge from brain and brainstem
12 (XII) pairs
Numbered from rostral (front end) to caudal (tail end)
I (Olfactory) first seen rostrally
XII (Hypoglossal) last, or caudal end before cervical spinal nerves
Found on ventral surface of brain
Functions:
Various functions
General functions
o Like spinal nerves
o E.g. pain, temperature, touch, proprioception
Special functions
o Unique to cranial nerves
o E.g. smell, sight, taste, hearing, balance
Spinal Nerves:
Run down vertebral column
40 pairs
Each nerve matches a vertebra
Dorsal root sensory/afferent dorsal root ganglion next to spinal
cord
Ventral root motor/efferent inside spinal cord
Dorsal and ventral cords meet (and mix) and then separate again
Spinal Nerve Development:
From neural tube/crest forms CNS
Occurs 4 weeks post-conception
Cells dorsal (top) to tube sensory
Cells ventral (bottom) to tube motor
Functions of Spinal Nerves:
Sensory
o Nerve impulses from body somatic sensory
E.g. skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments
o Nerve impulses from visceral anatomy visceral sensory
E.g. stomach mucosa, gallbladder
Motor
o Impulses to skeletal muscles somatic motor
o Impulses to muscles in the gut/visceral structures/smooth muscle
visceral motor
o Fibers travel with autonomic system
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