IMED1002 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Dominance (Genetics), Sister Chromatids, Allele

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Inheritance 1, 2 and 3: define the terms: gene, allele, loci, genotype, phenotype (trait), dominant, recessive, autosome, homozygous, Germ line, gamete, zygote, sister and nonsister chromatids, Whats a gene: a factor that controls a heritable characteristic, something on a chromosome, something that encodes a protein. Gene= a piece of dna that encodes a particular trait, influences/determines a characteristic, e. g. a gene for flower colour. Allele= an alternate form of a gene, e. g. allele for white and purple flowers. Locus= the location of a gene on a chromosome, plural=loci, a locus has the same location on maternal and paternal chromosome. Short arm of a chromosome is p. Phenotype (trait)= the physical expression, appearance or manifestation of a gene or allele, e. g. purple flower. Genotype= the genetic composition of an individual, the set of alleles an individual possesses. 2 copies of same allele means the person is homozygous.

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