SSEH3301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Osteoporosis, Thrifty Gene Hypothesis, Health Promotion
LECTURE 1: Health in the past, present, future
Chronic - develop later in life, live for a few years with it, then die!
-majority: CVD, T2D, Cancer !
-VERY PREVENTABLE: we can do things in day to day life to decrease the risk of getting these!
How our bodies were designed:!
1) Hunter-gatherer ecosystem!
2) Peasant-agricultural ecosystem!
3) Industrial (today)!
-our bodies are designed and adapted to H-G, and we live in I = that mismatch causes lots of
disease in our society!
H-G: LOTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY = VERY
ACTIVE, HAVE TO BE FIT IN EVERY ASPECT OF
LIFE TO FIND FOOD, BUILD SHELTER, ETC!
- For food: diet was mostly vegetarian, meat was
intermittently !
- Gatherers: wild leaves, bulbs, etc!
- Hunters: meat!!!
- “game” = wild animals are much leaner instead of
fatter because always running away from hunters!
- *causes of death take note!
!
P-A:!
-instead of wander out to find food, they grow
crops and raise animals = less physical activity!
-Reliable food source, lesser chance of starvation !
-BUT if crops fail (weather/animals eating) =
trouble because lost skills of gathering/hunting!
*causes of death take note!
-decrease in variety of crops and animals, so
deficiency diseases!! (not so much in H-G)!
!
I:!
-physically inactive because of cars, etc!
-Don’t need to move food, accessible!
-Labor saving technologies (vacuum auto)!
-So much food available but still have deficiency
despite plenty variety because types of food we eat
not that great!
-We modify food (processing, GMO), that didn’t
happen before !
-Chronic diseases come up (osteo/back pain =
sedentary lifestyle)!
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We were at our ‘peak’ at H-G lifestyle, now we have compromised our health in some ways!
Changes in diet from H-G to I:!
-glycaemic load increase: we
have more CHO (not good
types, less quality, more high
GI CHO => increases chances
of health conditions) eg. T2D,
CHD, IR)!
-Macronutrients - more CHO
less protein - more likely to
overeat = obese!
-Micronutrient - vitamins/
minerals less of those and
less variety because more
empty calories (pleasure -
unhealthy food, energy that
doesn’t come with good stuff
like apple vs donut = both
give energy but apple has
vitamins and minerals at the same time)!
-FA: types of fats we eat changed: saturated and trans fat = BAD (in H-G, they didn’t have them
because they come in processed food)!
-pH balance: food affects pH = I lifestyle more acidic these days = osteoporosis!
-Na and K - need to balance, K low, Na high now = BAD, high Na affects BP = increase
hypertension, etc!
-Fibre content: in H-G if no meat, the gatherers will still provide food with high fibre, unlike I
lifestyle!
Foods not accessible to H-G, now make up
70% of our diet (not that those are bad, but
proportional make up of diet not too good)!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 1: health in the past, present, future. Chronic - develop later in life, live for a few years with it, then die. Very preventable: we can do things in day to day life to decrease the risk of getting these. How our bodies were designed: hunter-gatherer ecosystem, peasant-agricultural ecosystem. Our bodies are designed and adapted to h-g, and we live in i = that mismatch causes lots of. Active, have to be fit in every aspect of. For food: diet was mostly vegetarian, meat was intermittently. Game = wild animals are much leaner instead of fatter because always running away from hunters. Instead of wander out to nd food, they grow crops and raise animals = less physical activity. But if crops fail (weather/animals eating) = trouble because lost skills of gathering/hunting. Decrease in variety of crops and animals, so de ciency diseases!! (not so much in h-g)
