PSYC 1013 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Tantrum, Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning

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Operant conditioning: also known as instrumental conditioning, how it differs from classical conditioning: Classical conditioning has one cue signals to occurrence of a second event- behaviour comes after stimulus. Operant conditioning is learning of associations between behaviour and consequence. Ex: pressing of a lever leads to food. Thorndike"s law of effects: effects of behaviour determine how frequently it occurs in the future. If a behaviour is rewarded (positive outcome) the behaviour becomes more frequent. If a behaviour is followed by a negative or aversive consequence, the behaviour will decrease: skinner expanded on this concept. Principles of operant conditioning: behaviour comes first, now looking at what follows the behaviour, positive- stimulus is added, negative- stimulus is removed, reinforcement- target behaviour is maintained or increases in frequency, punishment- target behaviour decreases, positive reinforcement. Behaviour followed by a reward, results in behaviour occurring more frequently in the future. Bob has a temper tantrum, alice hugs bob, bob"s temper tantrums increase: positive punishment.

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