psy290 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Applied Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Ethnocentrism
19 May 2018
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Key Terms, Concepts, and People
• applied psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems
• behaviour
Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism
• behaviourism
A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study
only observable behavior
• biological psychology
• cell assembly
• clinical psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
problems and disorders
• cognition
The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
• critical thinking
The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired
outcome
• culture
The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a
community that are transmitted socially across generations
• empiricism
The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
• ethnocentrism
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The tendency to view one’s own group as superior to others and as the standard for
judging the worth of foreign ways
• evolutionary psychology
Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive
value for a species over the course of many generations
• functionalism
A school of psychology based on the belief that psychology should investigate the
function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
• humanism
A theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their
freedom and their potential for personal growth
• introspection
Careful, systematic observation of one’s own conscious experience
• natural selection
Principle stating that heritable characteristics that provide a survival reproductive
advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent
generations and thus come to be “selected” over time.
• Nature
• nurture
• personality psychology
• positive psychology
Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and
fulfilling aspects of human existence
• psychiatry
A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological
problems and disorders
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find more resources at oneclass.com
• psychoanalytic theory
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental
disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
• psychology
The science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that
underlie it, and the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to
practical problems
• psychometrics
• skepticism
• social psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with the way individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors are influenced by others
• SQ3R
A study system designed to promote effective reading by means of five steps: survey,
questions, read, recite, and review
• stimulus
Any detectable input from an environment
• stimulus-response psychology
• “stream of consciousness”
• structuralism
A school of psychology based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze
consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how these elements are related
• testwiseness
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Document Summary
The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems: behaviour. Any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism: behaviourism. A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior: biological psychology cell assembly clinical psychology. The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders cognition. The mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge critical thinking. The use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desired outcome culture. The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations empiricism. The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation ethnocentrism. The tendency to view one"s own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways evolutionary psychology. Theoretical perspective that examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for a species over the course of many generations functionalism.
