PSYC340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Electrodermal Activity, Facial Feedback Hypothesis, Autonomic Nervous System
9 Jun 2018
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CHAPTER #4
affective forecasting: efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events, demonstrating
that people reliable mispredict their future feelings in response to good and bad events
achievement motive: a social motive, the need to excel
amygdala: lies at the core of a complex set of neural circuits that process emotions, processes info
quickly and if it detects a threat it almost instantly triggers neural activity that leads to the
autonomic arousal and endocrine (hormonal) responses associated with emotions
argument: one or more premises used to provide support for a conclusion
assumptions: premises for which no proof or evidence is offered
bisexual: seek members of either sex
body mass index (BMI): weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in metres) squared (kg/m2)
brain regulation: In the brain, the lateral, ventromedial, and paraventricular areas of the
hypothalamus appear to be involved in the control of hunger but their exact role is unclear,
fluctuations in blood glucose also sees to play a role in hunger, the stomach can send two types of
satiety signals to the brain, hormonal regulation of hunger depends primarily on ghrelin, CCK,
insulin, and leptin secretions
drive: applies a homeostatic (a state of physiological equilibrium/stability) model to motivation,
assuming that organisms seek to reduce unpleasant states of tension called drives, when your body
temperature rises/drops noticeably and automatic responses occur, when you are hungry and your
body begins to experience discomfort your body motivates you to obtain food and eating reduces
the drive and restores stability, emphasize how internal states of tension push people in certain
directions, the source of motivation lies within the organism
emotion: Emotion is a highly personal, subjective experience, which generally relies on a subject’s
verbal reports of what they are experiencing, Emotions are potentially intense internal feelings that
sometimes seem to have a life of their own, Some degree of emotional control is possible but
emotions tend to involve automatic reactions that are difficult to regulate and sometimes these
emotional reactions may occur at an unconscious level of processing, outside of one’s awareness ,
The biological bases of emotions are diffuse, involving many areas in the brain and many
neurotransmitter systems, as well ad the automatic nervous system and endocrine system,
Automatic arousal: the basis for the lie detector, which is really an emotion detector, Polygraphs are
not all that accurate in assessing individuals veracity, The amygdala appears to be the hub of an
emotion-processing system in the brain, At the behavioural level, people reveal their emotions thru
characteristic overt expressions, such as smiles, frowns, furrowed brows, clenched fists, and
slumped shoulders, Emotions are expressed in body language/nonverbal behaviour, facial
expressions are particularly prominent, Ekman and Friesen have found considerable cross-cultural
agreement in the identification if emotions based on facial expressions
facial feedback hypothesis: assert that facial muscles send signals to the brain and these signals
help the brain recognise the emotion that one is experiencing, Studies show that if subjects are
instructed to contract their facial muscles and mimic facial expressions associated with certain
emotions, they tend to report that they actually experience these emotions to some degree
galvanic skin response (GSR): an increase in the electrical conductivity of the skin that occurs
when sweat glands increase their activity
glucose: a simple sugar that is an important source of energy, actions that decrease llood glucose
level can increase hunger and actions that increase blood glucose level can make people feel
satiated/full
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Document Summary
The biological bases of emotions are diffuse, involving many areas in the brain and many neurotransmitter systems, as well ad the automatic nervous system and endocrine system, According to atkinson, a person"s fear of failure must also be considered to understand achievement behaviour, people vary in their motivation to avoid failure, which is considered a stable aspect of personality. Walter cannon and bard: we feel emotions and physiological changes, such as muscular tension, sweating, and so on, at the same time. Emotions originate in subcortical areas of the brain, which send signals simultaneously to the cortex (conscious experience of emotion) and to the autonomic nervous system (visceral arousal). (ex. My heart is pounding, and i can feel the adrenalin rushing. At the same time, i know that i am angry. Or i see a bear and i feel afraid. At the same time, i tense in readiness to run away)
