PSYC340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Statistical Inference, Observer-Expectancy Effect, Frequency Distribution
9 Jun 2018
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Case Study:Thorough investigation of a single person using direct interview and observation and other
data collection techniques.
Confounding of variables: Happens when 2 variables are linked in a way that it becomes difficult to tell
the difference between their specific effects.
Control group: subjects in an experiment who do not receive any special treatment
Correlation: used to describe an existing relationship between two variables.
Correlation coefficient: The degree of relationship between two variables that indicates the direction of
the relationship and the strength in relation.
Data collection techniques :Procedures used to make empirical obersvations
Dependent variable:The variable in an experiment that is affected by the manipulation of the
independent variable.
Descriptive statistics: numerical data used to organize and summarize data.
Double-blind procedures: Research strategy wherein neither subjects nor experimenters are aware of
who is in the control or experimental groups.
Ethical guidelines:Used in research to ensure the health and safety of human and animal participants
Experiment:Research method: Manipulation of a variable in order to see if it results in changes of a
second variable under controlled conditions.
Experimental group: subjects in an experiment who receive special treatment in regards to the
independent variable.
Experimental research: Involves the manipulation of an independent variable to determine its effects on
the dependent variable.
Experimenter bias: happens when a researchers preferences or expectations about an outcome
influence the results obtained
extraneous variables: any variable (not the independent variable) that are likely to influence the
dependent variable in a study.
Frequency distribution: Scores are arranged to indicate the frequency of each score or a group of scores.
Frequency polygon:a line figure used to present data from a frequency distribution.
Hypothesis: predictions about the relationship between two or more variables.
independent variable: The variable in an experiment that is manipulated in order to see its effect on
another variable.
inferential statistics: used to interpret data and draw conclusions when deciding if data supports a
hypothesis
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Document Summary
Case study:thorough investigation of a single person using direct interview and observation and other data collection techniques. Confounding of variables: happens when 2 variables are linked in a way that it becomes difficult to tell the difference between their specific effects. Control group: subjects in an experiment who do not receive any special treatment. Correlation: used to describe an existing relationship between two variables. Correlation coefficient: the degree of relationship between two variables that indicates the direction of the relationship and the strength in relation. Data collection techniques :procedures used to make empirical obersvations. Dependent variable:the variable in an experiment that is affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. Descriptive statistics: numerical data used to organize and summarize data. Double-blind procedures: research strategy wherein neither subjects nor experimenters are aware of who is in the control or experimental groups. Ethical guidelines:used in research to ensure the health and safety of human and animal participants.
