PSYC340 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Yellow Fever, Biopsychosocial Model, Hiv
9 Jun 2018
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Unit 7: Stress, Coping, and Health
Stress is influenced by different mental and physical aspects of our everyday lives and, as such, stress
influences the method(s) of treatment for emotional challenges and psychological disorders.
Theme 4—behaviour is detemined by multiple causes—is central in this chapter. Stress is precipitated
by many factors, and it affects an individual in many ways. Chapter 13 concentrates on the effects of
stress on an individual rather than on the precipitating factors that caused the stress to occur. However,
as indicated by the section on the effects of stress on health, discerning the interplay between stress
and other factors is difficult. So much evidence implicates stress in various ailments that there is no
longer a clear distinction between its physical and psychological origins. The emotional, physiological,
and behavioural responses to stress indicate its complexity and illustrate the multiple causes of
behaviour. Theme 7—our experience of the world is highly subjective—is also highlighted in Chapter 13.
Appraising the experience of stress is important. We all know people who live with enormous stress
without suffering any apparent ill effects: they seem to thrive on stress. Other people, however, seem to
collapse at the smallest stress in their lives. How an individual interprets a stressful situation is critical to
the manner in which that individual responds to the stress and to the coping strategies he or she adopts
to deal with it.
Biopsychosocial model
holds that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and
sociocultural factors.
Contagious diseases
caused by infectious agents—diseases such as smallpox, typhoid fever, diphtheria, yellow fever, malaria,
cholera, tuberculosis, and polio.
Chronic diseases
develop gradually, such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke
Health Psychology
concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with
the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness.
Stress
any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one's well-being and that thereby tax
one's coping abilities.
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Primary Appraisal
an initial evaluation of whether an event is (1) irrelevant to you, (2) relevant but not threatening, or (3)
stressful.
Secondary Appraisal
an evaluation of your coping resources and options for dealing with the stress.
Stress Appraisal Measure
Used to assess individual differences in appraisal
Acute Stressors
threatening events that have a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint.
Chronic Stressors
threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no readily apparent time limit.
Frustration
occurs in any situation in which the pursuit of some goal is thwarted.
Conflict
occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioural impulses compete for expression.
Approach approach conflict
a choice must be made between two attractive goals.
Avoidance avoidance conflict
a choice must be made between two unattractive goals.
Approach avoidance conflict
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a choice must be made about whether to pursue a single goal that has both attractive and unattractive
aspects.
Vacillation
indecision
Life Changes
any noticeable alterations in one's living circumstances that require readjustment.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
measures life change as a form of stress.
Pressure
involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way.
Inverted U hypothesis
predicts that task performance should improve with increased emotional arousal—up to a point, after
which further increases in arousal become disruptive and performance deteriorates.
Fight or Flight Response
physiological reaction to threat in which the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the organism for
attacking (fight) or fleeing (flight) an enemy.
Autonomic Nervous system
controls blood vessels, smooth muscles, and glands.
Sympathetic division
Mediates the fight or flight response
General adaptation syndrome
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Document Summary
Stress is influenced by different mental and physical aspects of our everyday lives and, as such, stress influences the method(s) of treatment for emotional challenges and psychological disorders. Theme 4 behaviour is detemined by multiple causes is central in this chapter. Stress is precipitated by many factors, and it affects an individual in many ways. Chapter 13 concentrates on the effects of stress on an individual rather than on the precipitating factors that caused the stress to occur. However, as indicated by the section on the effects of stress on health, discerning the interplay between stress and other factors is difficult. So much evidence implicates stress in various ailments that there is no longer a clear distinction between its physical and psychological origins. The emotional, physiological, and behavioural responses to stress indicate its complexity and illustrate the multiple causes of behaviour. Theme 7 our experience of the world is highly subjective is also highlighted in chapter 13.
