BIOL 1F90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Photosynthesis, Unified Atomic Mass Unit, Alpha Particle

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Smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances. Cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means. Each specific type of atom is a chemical element. Positive, found in nucleus,same number as electrons. Neutral, found in nucleus, number can vary. Atoms usually contain the same number of neutrons as protons. Negative, found in orbitals, same number as protons. Center of the atom where protons and neutrons are. Most of the mass of an atom is in its nucleus. Areas in which the probability of finding electrons are high. P orbitals are propeller or dumbbell shaped. Each orbital can only hold 2 electrons. Orbitals occupy energy shells that are associated with specific energy levels. Atoms with more electrons have orbitals within energy shells that are at a greater distance from the center of the nucleus. 1st energy shell contains one spherical orbital (1s)

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