BIOL 1F90 Lecture Notes - Fluorine, Sodium Bicarbonate, Hydrogen Fluoride
11 Oct 2011
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Document Summary
Molecules, and water important to understand the behaviour of biological molecules: molecules are made of atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons) Atoms have no electric charge: gold foil experiment: Rutherford shot he nuclei ( particles) at a gold foil. Particles and nuclei both positively charged therefore when interacting they will repel each other. <2% slightly deflected (passed close enough to nuclei to be effected) 0. 01% bounced back: therefore matter is empty space, orbitals. Each orbital can hold only 2 electrons. Atoms with more than 2 electrons has more than one orbital. More electrons = greater and greater distance from centre of nucleus. Potential energy: electrons that are further away have more. Energy that matter possesses because of its location and structure: electron"s behaviour is driven by need to complete shells, nitrogen 7protons, 7electrons. Electrons in outer shell are available to combine: valence electrons: protons distinguish one element from another, protons + neutrons = atomic mass unit (amu, dalton: measurement of atomic mass.
