BIOL 2P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Signal Peptide, Nuclear Dna, Autophagy
27 Feb 2016
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Mito proteins include: tca cycle enzymes, substrate transporters, fatty acid catabolism, nadh shuttles, adp/atp shuttles, parts of various synthetic pathways. Some functional mito proteins (e. g. respiratory complexes) have 30 or more subunits, including subunits encoded by mtdna and others by nuclear dna. Synthesis of respiratory complexes how are they made? (1) mtdna encoded subunits are transcribed and translated in matrix on mitochondrial ribosomes (2) nuclear dna encoded subunits are made on cytosolic ribosomes & imported. The inner membrane must maintain its integrity to maintain the proton gradient. Many proteins are involved in the regulated import of mitochondrial proteins while maintaining proton gradient. Mitochondrial proteins made in the cytosol must be: (1) unfolded. Heat shock proteins (aka chaperonins) help to unfold proteins (2) recognized by import apparatus (3) brought into mitochondria (4) end up in the right place (matrix, inner membrane, inter-membrane space, outer membrane) Mitochondria are synthesized continuously in animal cells:
