BIOL 2P94 Lecture Notes - Angular Acceleration, Brainstem, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

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Vestibular system: function and properties of vestibular system. The function of the vestibular system is to sense and control motion. Vestibular afferents from the bony labyrinth project to vestibular nuclei (brainstem) Vestibular nerve has superior division (to horiz. , sup. semicircular canals and utricule) and inferior division (post. semicircular canal, saccule) The semicircular canals respond to angular acceleration whereas the otoliths (saccule and utricle) respond to linear acceleration and translational movement of the head. The membranous canal is filled with endolymph (high k) and the other vestibular space is filled with perilymph (high na), which sets up electrochemical gradient needed for signaling. Mechanical deformation of stereocilia to or away from kinocilium excites and inhibits hair cell activity, respectively. In semicircular canals, physical movement of endolymph against cupula causes deformation; all of the hair cells are oriented identically.

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