BIOL 2P98 Lecture 17: Thursday November 19th 2015 -MIcro
19 Jan 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Botulinum toxin soil: clostridium botulinum: endospore-forming bacteria commonly found in, produces highly poisonous ab exotoxins that function as neurotoxins. Infant botulism occurs in newborns under 2 months. Ingested c. botulinum endospores germinate in intestine & produce toxin: due to lack of well-developed microflora. Endotoxins: the lipopolysaccharide (lps) portion of the cell envelope of certain gram-negative bacteria, can be a toxin once in body. Lipid a and immune system: structural cell-bound component rather than secreted soluble product. Lipid a portion of lps is responsible for toxicity, while polysaccharide fraction makes complex water-soluble: must be delivered as a unit for toxicity. Lps stimulates immune cells to release cytokines that cause fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and inflammation: generally less toxic than exotoxins. Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay: minute quantities of endotoxin can be detected by the limulus amoebocyte lysate (lal) assay, endotoxin causes degranulation & lysis of ameobocytes from the, limulus amoebocyte extracts are mixed with a solution to be.
