Class Notes for Biological Sciences at Brock University (BROCKU)

Energy and thermodynamics: living organisms require energy to do work, any change in state or motion of matter. Living things are open systems: second

Structure: amino group, alpha carbon, carboxyl group, h, r group: amino group is always charged. Chiral configurations: chiral molecules are mirror ima

Proteins are always described as n-terminal (beginning and amino acids), and c-terminal (last amino acid-carboxyl) Single bond between c and n rotates

The arrangement of r groups: 3. 5 a per residue, 7 a between r groups on the same side. H bonding holds the strands at the hydrogen bonding on the back

The brain has two neural pathways that control movement: Scientific peers review the information for thoroughness, accuracy, appropriate methods, impor

The problem of dna content and genome composition: highly repeated dna fraction (-10% in human genome) 20-80% of total dna (~45% in humans: gene length

Dna organization and chromosomes (chapter 9 and 10) Table 9-2: dna length is an order of a magnitude bigger than the viral particle space it has to fil

Cytosine deamination (loss of an amino group) occurs in about 1 of every 107 cytosine residues every 24 hours. Product of cytosine deamination is: look

Occurs only after repeated testing that consistently supports the hypothesis over many conditions, usually by many researchers working independently. T

Translocation of the ribosome relative to the mrna, to the next codon, involves the dtp binding protein ef-g. The size and the shape of the ef-g are co

Topics: elements of life, types of chemical bonds, properties of chemical bonds, building blocks of life, four main components of cells, monomers in li