CHYS 2P38 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Sub-Saharan Africa, Unaccompanied Minor, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
14 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Child saving
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Children and youth in contractual and social conflict
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Sierra Leone and Uganda as conflict in patrimonial states
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After the war- dealing with trauma
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Children as immigrants and/or as refugees
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Unaccompanied child migrants
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Child "trafficking"
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Outline
Children are used as propaganda for conflict
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Suicide bombing: a tactic for conflict, use children as delivery vehicles
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Vulnerable child stripped and alienated from their family
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The iconic child soldier: kidnapped, drugged, forced to commit violent acts that alienate hem from
their family and community
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Willing to go any means including using children as part of their movement
▪
children are used to further terrorize
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The "child soldier" has become the latest category of "worthy child" to be saved
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PTSD: didn’t know about it earlier in war, know we know that many children suffer from this as
result to the trauma
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Using insurgent forces to control and terrorize populations so they submit to the authority
of the military
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"post-colonial" conflicts different from those of that past because targeting of civilians is the
preferred strategy
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Defeat enemy countries
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Civil wars
▪
Different ethnic groups and tribes
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Conflict between peoples
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Want to control, influence and dominate the people
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One of the aims is to direct violence against the population itself
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Most conflicts are brought out internally within one country
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Contractual conflict of the past vs. social conflict of the present
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Involve children
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Most conflict now is within states
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The state should have control of power and the use of violence
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When we have organization within the state that agree they are treated as a threat
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An important function of the (liberal) state is to maintain a monopoly on the use of force- military
forces ad foreign policy; police and law
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Wells- sub-Saharan Africa characterized by neo-patrimonial states in which many interests use
force to obtain resources (both material and social)
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Countries are seen as fragile, but also have powerful militias
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One of the most useful resources is people to build wealth for themselves
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Have powerful knowing's and networks to build powerful and useful relationships
▪
These men are patronized
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They control these populations by violence (perferred method) and rewards
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Cluster of power surrounding strong men
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Charles Tilley (1985)- "War making and State Making as organized Crime:- the modern nation state
is the product of competition between warlords and criminal gangs, each trying to monopolize
resources
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Neo-patrimonial states have led to a significant increase in child soldiering, altering the
"less government has contributed to not better governments (in Sub-Saharan Africa), but rather to
warlord politics"
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Children and youth in contractual and social conflict
Week 8-Immigration and war-zone children
CHYS 2P38 Page 1
