CHYS 3P95 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Childbirth, Waking Hours, Jean Briggs
15 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
CHYS 3P95
Week 3. Hunter-Gatherer Children and Youth
Dr. Tony Volk
***First mid-term is next week!***
• Test will be composed of 4-5 pages of short answers (.5 page, 5 marks) and long answer
(1 page, 10 marks)
• From 9 -11 am
• Based on the last three lectures
• Focus on the themes that he gave us – describe roman grandparents and how does it relate
to !kong education.
• Hunter-gathering and how does it relate to education
• Theories we covered on the first day of lecture
• Chimps and early dominant
• From articles: Compare chimps primate and hunter gathers – role of fathers and mothers
– education
Efe Pygmies of the Congo
• Efe are a jungle-dwelling group living in Congo (very similar to other pygmy groups)
• Dwell deep inside the jungle interior
o They live in a dense forest in habitat
o Little contact in the outside forest
• Had very little contact until the 20th century, when Bantu farmers started to settle near
them
Efe Pygmies
• The Efe are (were) literally hunter-gatherers
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• Live in small communities of 10 – 30 individuals (with occasional assemblies of up to
100 individuals)
• Primarily monogamous, egalitarian society based on kin
Efe Village
• Brown little dog – not a hunting dog but wonders around
Efe Hunter
• Men are primarily hunters
• Different between all the other hunters is that most women do the hunting
• They don’t use poison arrows, instead they rely on stonking pray and driving pray
o Get a bunch of people and make a lot of voice to scare the animals
o And they use a big net and try to flesh them into the net and kill them with
spears while the women are holding the net
o This can be done close to where the Efe Hunters live
Efe Hunters Butchering Elephant
• They generally aren’t hunted because they are hard and fast to hunt
• Usually because the meat will go bad fast, they try and have a celebrating and share
the meat
Efe Father With Newborn
• father that provides all the food
• highest level of 25% caring of fathers
o women helping out – freeze out the labour in helping out for men
o the men are physically closer and have an opportunity to help
Efe Mother Nursing Child
• 60% of the child care are left with the mother
• Mother are the primary care
• They will nurse their mother like kong mother – 3-4 years
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Bofi Patterns of Crying
• Why cry in a potentially hostile and dangerous environment?
• When you are crying – you’re allowing others know that there is a helpless baby around
o Way of blackmailing a mother
• To get mother’s attention- cry more often when mother is often absent, but only when
mother returns!
• Cry more often with less supportive caregivers
o Caregivers don’t care for the baby and increase their crying to get more
attention
• Crying is a powerful, but risky, tool
Toddler “Helping” Mother
• Cry as often as North American reason, but cry for a much shorter duration
• When they start crying – they will give it a soother which is usually a mother’s
breast
Girl Building House Frame
• Teenage girl who is making a home
• Teenager daughter knows how to run her own home
Girls Grooming Each Other
• Once children turn the age of 4 they start to hangout with other children
o Typically, children from the same gender
Efe Girl Grooming Nursing Mother
• Daughter is grooming mother while the mother is nursing her daughter
• Ex. Friends braiding each others hair
o Reinforces that closeness and bond
Girl Babysitting
• Available in Efi is higher than any other hunters
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Efe pygmies: the efe are (were) literally hunter-gatherers, live in small communities of 10 30 individuals (with occasional assemblies of up to. 100 individuals: primarily monogamous, egalitarian society based on kin. Efe village: brown little dog not a hunting dog but wonders around. Efe hunters butchering elephant: they generally aren"t hunted because they are hard and fast to hunt, usually because the meat will go bad fast, they try and have a celebrating and share the meat. Efe mother nursing child: 60% of the child care are left with the mother, mother are the primary care, they will nurse their mother like kong mother 3-4 years. Toddler helping mother: cry as often as north american reason, but cry for a much shorter duration, when they start crying they will give it a soother which is usually a mother"s breast. Girl building house frame: teenage girl who is making a home, teenager daughter knows how to run her own home.
