CLAS 1P91 Lecture 10: CLAS1P91 Nov22

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Struggles for power & dominance between: sparta, thebes, & athens. But overshadowed by the rise of macedonia. 404 bc: the end of peloponnesian war - did not end fighting! Sporadic wars & alliances: sparta, athens, & thebes for 1st half 4th century bc. Athens: weakened & most of her empire lost- only few areas left in northern aegean. Sparta: liberator of hellas now an imperialistic power. Forced oligarchies in many city-states (eg. tyranny of 30 athens) Two generals: (pelopidas) and epaminondas develop new military tactics. + more use of lightly armed & specialist infantry troops with supporting cavalry. Spartans attack thebes in 371 bc at leuctra. Thebes wins & sparta loses: 400 (of 700) spartiates. Inability to change & expand narrow citizenship rule. First time ever laconia is invaded & ravaged. After the collapse 362 bc they lose battle of mantinea. Now wars often year- round: farmers not able to fight and farm- sell out to elites.

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