ETHC 3P82 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Kantianism, Deontological Ethics, Act Utilitarianism
Document Summary
Justice & fairness: personal character virtue ethics, utilitarianism: Making decisions based on consequences: consequentialist/ teleological theory (cid:28705)(cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28671)(cid:28674)(cid:28678)(cid:28706) (cid:28672)(cid:28664)a(cid:28673)(cid:28678) (cid:28664)(cid:28673)(cid:28663)(cid:28678), (cid:28662)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)(cid:28678)(cid:28664)(cid:28676)(cid:28680)(cid:28664)(cid:28673)(cid:28662)(cid:28664)(cid:28678, moral worth of actions/ practices determined by consequences, evaluating an action on outcomes is appealing. Making decisions based on consequences: should act in a way that produce better consequences than the other alternatives (cid:28705)b(cid:28664)(cid:28679)(cid:28679)(cid:28664)(cid:28677) (cid:28662)(cid:28674)(cid:28673)(cid:28678)(cid:28664)(cid:28676)(cid:28680)(cid:28664)(cid:28673)(cid:28662)(cid:28664)(cid:28678)(cid:28706), pleasure and pain (minimize pain and maximize pleasure, happiness and unhappiness (minimize unhappiness and maximize happiness) Intrinsically valuable human goods things that promote human well-being: happiness, health, dignity, integrity, freedom, respect of all the people affected: utilitarianism: Act utilitarianism: act/ situation specific, act to promote the general welfare in any given situation. Problem of quantifying happiness, pain, pleasure, etc: some argue that it is impossible to quantify certain things (i. e. assess benefits and costs). Future generations: challenges: utilitarian ethics, emphasizes the consequences what is ethical is based on the end result; means, motivation not considered.
