LING 2P90 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Thoracic Vertebrae, Shoulder Girdle, Hyaline Cartilage
3 Mar 2016
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Sternum: manubrium, body (corpus, xiphoid process (ensiform) turns to bone around 40 years old, landmarks: suprasternal (jugular) notch, sternal angle (about at 2nd rib) Scapula & clavicle (articulates with manubrium and scapula) These structures are held in place by muscle. Illustration: sacrum, ilium, iliac crest, pubis, pubic symphysis, ischium. Pulmonary airways: trachea bronchial tree + alveoli. Tertiary (segmental) bronchi bronchioles (<1mm) terminal bronchioles . Alveoli: about 7 million in human lungs, line walls of terminal bronchioles & air sacs, site for exchange of o2 & co2, heavily supplied by capillaries. What effect does smoking have on the pulmonary airways: slows sweeping movement of cilia (normally sweeps dirt/dust out, destroys cilia, inflammation in bronchial tree, increased mucus, smooth muscle hypertrophy (smooth muscles become larger, destroys alveoli. Lungs: irregular, cone-shaped, spongy, porous, highly elastic, right lung is larger than left lung (left lung has only two lobes to accommodate for the, what gives lungs their elasticity? heart, right has 3 lobes)
