LING 4P27 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Speech Perception, Phoneme, Coarticulation
19 Dec 2016
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Normal ear hears between 20 to 20,000 hz and up to 140 db. Ear makes fine discriminations based on minor differences in acoustics. General range of loudness for speech is 40db: faint speech (45db) to shouting (85db, range for phonetic power of speech sounds is 28 to 56 db. /a/ is the loudest and /theta/ is softest. Speech spectrum is composed of acoustical energy between 50 to 10,000 hz. Most of the energy is below 1000 hz: due to f0 of voice and resulting resonance. Vowels low and mid frequency energy (formants) Consonants less energy overall: voiceless have primarily high frequency energy and voiced low-mid frequency energy. Duration of speech sounds: ranges from 30 to 300 msec, vowels generally longer than consonants. If the(cid:396)e"s a (cid:448)oi(cid:272)ed (cid:272)o(cid:374)so(cid:374)a(cid:374)t at the e(cid:374)d of a (cid:449)o(cid:396)d (cid:455)ou(cid:396) (cid:448)o(cid:449)els te(cid:374)d to (cid:271)e longer. Many factors affect duration: e. g. , voicing of final consonant, rate of speech.
