NEUR 2P37 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Basolateral Amygdala, Medial Forebrain Bundle

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Amygdala: externally generated states and drives: much of the input to the amygdala is from the outside world, output from the amygdala. Down to the brainstem and spinal cord. To hypothalamic nuclei that are important for secreting hormones. The amygdala and emotional experience: damage to the amygdala can impact behaviour and emotions, monkeys w/ bilateral damage to the amygdala develop kluver-bucy syndrome. In humans w. damage to the bilateral amygdala, patients have difficulty learning and expressing fear. Hippocampus: emotional memories: the hippocampus can be functionally subdivided into the posterior and anterior hippocampus. The posterior hippocampus is involved in spatial functions. The anterior hippocampus in involved in emotional memory: the amygdala and anterior hippocampus are important for emotional episodic memories, and the posterior hippocampus is important for spatial memories and navigation. In patients w/ treatment-resistant depression, dbs of the nucleus accumbens results in decreased activation in frontal regions of the brain and decreased symptoms of depression for some patients.

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