SOCI 2P11 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Socioeconomic Status, Probability Distribution, Social Vulnerability
4 Nov 2016
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Concerns of quantitative measurement: operalization: how you are going to measure a variable, generalization. How generalizable the results of a study are to the broader population. To increase generalizability a random or probability sample is best: replication. Are other researchers able to replicate your study and come up with the same or similar results: causality. 3 criteria of causality: statistically correlated, the independent variable must be first, the relationship must be non-spurious. We have to make sure a 3rd variable is not effecting both. Necessary cause: x has to be in place for y to occur. In social science there is no sufficient cause. Nomothetic cause: can only find a few isolated causes. Null hypothesis: predicts there is no relationship between 2 variables. Alternative hypothesis: a relationship is found between the 2 variables. We directly test the null hypothesis so we can prove and gather data to falsify it. Social vulnerability (current social position at school etc. )
