PSYC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Statistical Inference, Descriptive Statistics, Null Hypothesis

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> correlation may not be used to infer causation. > allows a causal relationship between variables to be established. > measurement of the effect of one variable on another. > manipulations to the iv result in changes in the dv. > if participants can"t be assigned randomly to conditions, it is quasi-experimental research. 1 group, each person: 4 hours; 6 hours; 8 hours. > inferential statistics are used to interpret the data. > score with as many scores above & below it when scores are ranked (50th percentile) > variability is how much scores differ from one another within a condition. > extent that scores tend to deviate from the mean of a condition/group. > subtract m from each score (x) and square it (x-m)2. > divide this sum by the # of scores (n) > the square root of that is the sd. > there is almost always a difference between conditions.

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