BIOL 2107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Lethal Allele, Centrosome, Penetrance

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History: artificial selection was the first applied genetic technique (control of mating by choice, to make probable next generations) Domestication of plants and animals was a key transition in human civilization (domestic dogs from wolves, and rice/ wheat/ barley/ lentils from weedlike plants) Inherited features of offspring are mainly from one parent. Parental traits become mixed and changed in the offspring. Variation is widespread in nature and provides for continuously evolving diversity. Observable variation is essential for following genes form on to another. Mendels laws apply to all sexually reproducing organisms. Pure-breeding: strains that are homogenous always produce the same plant. Large numbers of progeny in short time. Antagonistic pairs of (cid:498)either-or(cid:499) traits (cid:523)purple or white, yellow or green(cid:524) Each hybrid only resembled one of the parents: dominant trait. One trait crossed with another single trait (yellow x green) F1 progeny have only one of the parental traits. In f2 both parental traits reappeared in a 3:1 ratio.

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