BIOL 2107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Allele Frequency, Consanguinity, Mendelian Inheritance

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Allele = different variations of the same recipe (ex. one replaces blue food colouring for red) Note: one chromosome of each homologous pair comes from the mother and one comes from the father. Each carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same. Each pair of homologous chromosomes contains a specific chunk of the genome. There can be multiple alleles on one gene. In the pea example above, there are only two alleles (y, y). Law of segregation: amount of gametes produced is random, however the probability of a gamete with a y or y is 50% Law of independent assortment: the inheritance of one gene does not depend on the other. Mendel tested whether two genes in dihybrids would segregate independently. He crossed true- breeding yellow round peas with true-breeding green wrinkled pea to obtain dihybrid f1 plants: Then, the dihybrid f1 plants were selfed to obtain f2 plants:

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