BIOL 2107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Zygosity, Epistasis, Wild Type

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Genes: are the basic units of biological information. Heredity: the way genes transmit biochemical, physical and behavioral traits from parent to offspring. Me(cid:374)del"s la(cid:449)s are (cid:271)ased o(cid:374) the hypothesis that observable traits are determined by independent units of inheritance not visible to the naked eye. Artificial selection: is the purposeful control over mating by choice of parents for next generation. Pure breeding lines: produce offspring with specific parental traits that remain constant from generation to generation, Monohybrid crosses: involves hybrids for a single trait. Me(cid:374)del"s la(cid:449) of segregatio(cid:374): two alleles for each trait segregate during gamete formation and unite randomly one from each parent at fertilization. Product rule: probability of event 1 and event 2 occurring together. Sum rule: probability of event 1 or event 2. Test cross: mating an individual with an unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with an individual expressing a recessive phenotype. It determines whether individual with dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygote.

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