BIOL 3202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Ribosomal Rna, Archaea, Guanine
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25 Oct 2017
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Optional reading: sandman and reeve (2006) archaeal histones and the origin of the histone fold. Dna), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base: nucleotides are connected via 3"-5" phosphodiester bonds between the 5" phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3"carbon of the next, the nitrogenous bases are either purines or pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine in both dna and rna. Rna and cytosine and thymine in dna: rna is usually single-stranded and dna is usually double-stranded. Rna folds back on itself to form complex 3-d structures but dna forms a double-helix: nucleotides can have other functions: atp is a ribonucleotide with three phosphates and is the major short-term carrier of energy in the cell. This energy is stored in the form of a high-energy phosphate bond. These sequences ensure that the chromosome can be replicated efficiently and passed on to daughter cells: chromosomes in eukaryotic cells consist of dna tightly associated with proteins.
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Related Questions
QUESTION 1. Compared to eukaryotic genomes, only prokaryotic genomes:
A. contain DNA organized by histones. |
B. contain usually one, circular chromosome. |
C. contain plasmid DNA. |
D. have chromosomes contained in a nucleus. |
QUESTION 2. Azathioprine is a drug that may be prescribed to transplant recipients to reduce the chance of tissue rejection reactions. In its active state, it acts as a purine analogue, inhibiting DNA biosynthesis. This means that 6-mercaptopurine will be inserted in place of a purine containing nucleotides during DNA replication. Given this drug's mode of action, you would expect it to be incorporated into DNA in place of:
A. nucleotides containing guanine or cytosine. |
B. nucleotides containing adenine or thymine. |
C nucleotides containing adenine or guanine. |
D. nucleotides containing guanine nucleotide or uracil. |
QUESTION 3. RNA is distinguished from DNA because only RNA:
A. typically exists as a single-stranded molecule. |
B. has a 3' to 5' directionality. |
C. is composed of nucleotides that contain the sugar deoxyribose. |
D. is composed of nucleotides that contain the nitrogen bases T, C, G, and A. |
QUESTION 4. How are RNA nucleotides different from DNA nucleotides? To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.
A. RNA nucleotides do not contain thymine. |
B. RNA nucleotides use the sugar ribose, while DNA nucleotides do not. |
C. RNA nucleotides lack phosphate. |
D. RNA nucleotides incorporate pyrimidine nitrogen bases, while DNA nucleotides only incorporate purine nitrogen bases. |