BIOL 3306 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Pia Mater, Dura Mater, Interspinous Ligament

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Input pathways processing : visceral from internal, somatic muscles, limbs, Spinal nerves: 31 in total, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 coccygeal sacral, 1, the c8 spinal nerve comes out between c7 and t1, t1 is between t1-t2. From this point, each spinal nerve is named after the vertebrae that are above it. Dorsal root sensory neurons: unipolar neurons. Ventral root motor commands: both coming together spinal nerve. Sensory comes to dorsal, and motor exits from ventral. Morphogens: concentration dependent, patterning, the first is released form the ectoderm bmp (born morphogenetic protein) Notocord: releases its own morphogens, shh (sonic hedge hog) Series of specialized membranes that provide physical stability and shock absorption for the spinal cord. Pia mater: innermost meningeal layer, pia elastin and collagen. Arachnoid mater: middle meningeal layer, includes: Network of collagen and elastin fibers connecting layer to pia mater (arachnoid trabeculae) Epidural space outside, and type of connective.

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