CRCJ 3003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Noam Chomsky

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amaranthsheep564

2 Aug 2016

School

Carleton University

Department

Criminology and Criminal Justice

Course

CRCJ 3003

Professor

Nicholas Lamb

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Document Summary

Most professions these days require the production and distribution of knowledge. This means research is essential for the majority of industries. Were flooded with info and we need to make a decision about what we think is reliable. Plan usually starts with a research question and the gathering of some rough references. Research is the source of most of what we believe. This gives researchers an enormous amount of responsibility to makes sure that what they are reporting is correct. Always be skeptical of the research you read and write. Critical thinking is the use of logic and information gathering to find out if the information you have been presented is accurate or not. Research answers, or attempts to answers, a question to a problem. Re read what you write so you can see a larger pattern in your writing.

Related Questions

I NEED HELP TO FIND A RESEARCH QUESTION PLEASE READ BELLOW:

FVA 1: Research question

The broad research topic we are trying to address in the Forest Vegetation Analysis (FVA) project is: The forests we measure can be thought of as specific examples of a forest type common in our geographic area.

Description: Your task is to come up with a specific and unique research question that you will focus on for the remainder of the course. A few notes to keep in mind:

This question must be answerable using the data that we are collecting (Make sure that you take good notes on what you did in Lincoln Park so that you can come up with a testable question).

Your question must have both a dependent and independent variables.

Your study must be an observational study, not experimental.

Your study cannot involve animals because we donât have the time to collect data on things that move.

Your question must be scientific and testable.

Think about measures such as: size, density, species identity, class of species, interactions, elevation, aspect (North/South), information from maps, proximity to roads/towns/other natural areas, historical data.

NOW, I POSTED THIS QUESTION: What is the name of the bigger tree found on the Lincoln Park? Please specify the characteristics of the tree and also the changes it has in winter and summer.

MY PROFESSOR RESPONDED: Your research question needs to pertain to the data will collect at south mountain and watching. We can refine this on Monday but do some research and start to form one based on the criteria identified.

Please read the New York Times article from May 21, 2010: Researchers say they created a âsynthetic cell,â by Nicholas Wade. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/21/science/21cell.html

Then, think about what you would do if you were going to engineer a new type of bacterial cell, with a genome that you could assemble from bits and pieces of other organismsâ genomes. What problems could you solve?

NOTE: This is a thought experiment only; you donât need to do hours of Internet research to answer these questions.

1.If you were going to create a bacterial cell from scratch, what product/function/process would you want it to carry out? Why do you think this is an important process?

2.You know that DNA codes for RNA, and (most) RNAs code for proteins, and that (for the most part) proteins carry out the important functions of the cell. For your âsynthetic cell,â where would you get the genes that would enable you to target your synthetic bacteria to the process you described in #1?

erinhornet258

J.P. Morgan Tells Analysts To Warn of a Downgrade By Wade Lambert and Jathon Sapsford Staff Reporters of The Wall Street Journal March 22, 2001

J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.'s head of European research told his team of analysts they must run all changes in European stock recommendations past both the company in question and J.P. Morgan's investment-banking department. "Both the company and the client banker need to be notified, in advance, of the recommendation change that we plan to make," said the memo, written by Peter Houghton, head of equity research in Europe. "If the company requests changes to the research note, the analyst has a responsibility to either incorporate the changes requested or communicate clearly why the changes cannot be made." The memo, which a company spokesman described as a global policy for the bank and which was previously reported by the Times of London, represents a rare written edict on a practice that raises questions about analysts' independence. Wall Street analysts long have been pressured by corporate clients and their own bankers to shun negative research. Some companies penalize analysts or their firms for "sell" recommendations. Investment bankers pressure analysts because they fear any negative research will hamper their chances of winning lucrative underwriting or advisory business from the same corporate client. Thus, many savvy investors ignore much of the research that comes from securities firms. "It defeats the purpose of research," says Frank Barkocy, director of research at hedge fund Keefe Managers. Mr. Barkocy represents the "buy side," or those who are potential customers for the research of analysts at Wall Street securities firms who are known as the "sell side." By showing the report first to the company in question, "the way an analyst uses some words might very well be minimized," Mr. Barkocy says. "It's a disservice to the analyst and a disservice to the buy side." J.P. Morgan Chase maintains the memo merely reiterates a policy it has long followed, and that it reflects practices that are common in the industry. The company says it sent the memo to ensure that several new analysts who came from other firms know the policy. The company maintains that analysts aren't under pressure to change recommendations, but only to make factual changes. "The point of the memo was to ensure that there's clear communication between analysts and bankers and companies," says Nick O'Donohoe, head of European equities at J.P. Morgan. It is "a normal, common courtesy" to warn a company that an analyst was about to downgrade its stock. Nothing in the memo "compromises the honesty or objectivity or independence of our analysts," he says. Analysts' practices are coming under increased scrutiny after the Securities and Exchange Commission last October began enforcing Regulation FD, for fair disclosure, a rule that seeks to rein in the flow of privileged information between corporations and the Wall Street analysts who cover them. Wall Street analysts also have been criticized for maintaining "buy" recommendations on once-highflying tech stocks, despite their lack of profits, and long after their stocks had fallen. The issue came to a head for many European investors in December over the initial public offering for France Telecom's Orange PLC unit. Analysts were barred from a briefing by Orange officials unless they agreed to let the lead banks "fact-check" their reports on the share offering. Some question whether research can ever be considered objective if the other arm of the firm publishing it is advising the same company on a merger or selling shares. Sebastian Virchow, a fund manager at Deutsche Bank AG's asset-management unit DWS Group in Frankfurt, says his team confirms the earnings and scientific developments of the companies it invests in, rather than taking analysts' reports at face value. "We read the analyst reports and gather information, but we do our own due diligence and would never just use the reports on their own," he says. "We talk to the companies ourselves and make our own earnings estimates."

Why might "sell side" companies extend the "normal, common courtesy" of warning firms before they downgrade their stocks? Would you consider this good business practice? What is Mr. Barkocy's "buy side" criticism of such practices? Why might the "sell side" ignore such criticism?

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CRCJ 3003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Noam Chomsky

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