PHIL 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Tabula Rasa, Noam Chomsky, Empiricism

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Different kinds of knowledge: factual (knowledge that, ability (knowledge how, acquaintance. Rationalism: knowledge is mediated by innate ideas or structures. The innate ideas or structures are present at birth. Empiricism: (we have innate structures that allow us to learn language naturally) Knowledge and reason come from experience (from the senses) At birth the mind is a blank slate. Descendant: behaviourism (we learn language by being exposed to it) It is possi(cid:271)le to e(cid:454)plai(cid:374) all (cid:373)e(cid:374)tal life i(cid:374) te(cid:396)(cid:373)s of o(cid:374)e"s (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iou(cid:396), (cid:449)ithout (cid:396)efe(cid:396)e(cid:374)(cid:272)e to (cid:862)i(cid:374)te(cid:396)(cid:374)al(cid:863) e(cid:448)e(cid:374)ts. An empiricist approach (we can explain mental states in terms of observation) Operant conditioning: changing behaviour by means of a pattern of postive reinforcement. The pigeon is in a state of deprivation (hunger) The desi(cid:396)ed (cid:271)eha(cid:448)iou(cid:396) (cid:894)pe(cid:272)ki(cid:374)g the (cid:862)peck(cid:863) sig(cid:374)(cid:895) is (cid:396)ei(cid:374)fo(cid:396)(cid:272)ed (cid:449)ith a (cid:396)e(cid:449)a(cid:396)d (cid:894)food(cid:895) that (cid:396)edu(cid:272)es deprivation. As a result, an increased association of a response(pecking behaviour) to a stimulus (the presence of (cid:862)peck(cid:863)(cid:895)

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