PHIL 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: False Dilemma, Begging

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Formal fallacies: depend on logical form or structure of argument. Informal fallacies: depend in part on the content of the argument (what the premises or conclusion are) Fallacies of relevance (f of r): premises are true but not relevant to conclusion. Fallacies of ambiguity (f of a): double meanings are involved in the mistaken reasoning. Fallacies of presumption (f of p): premises are relevant to conclusion but are illicit because they involve unwarranted assumptions. When someone has a reason to believe another because of their authority, this can be a fallacy when: The person in question is not an expert on the subject. The experts are corrupt or have a con ict of interest. Consists of arguing that a claim is true or false because of origin. The arguments fail because they reject a claim based on where it comes from, not its merits. Who developed or used it in the beginning.

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