PHIL 2003 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Critical Thinking, Immanuel Kant, Unified Modeling Language
10 Feb 2016
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Section ii: the basics (a) analyzing and reconstructing. We have seen that critical thinking is the process of evaluating beliefs and theories to determine whether there are good reasons to accept them as true. Reasons for believing something can always be presented in the form of an argument. So we need to spend some time talking about arguments. The term argument" in logic and philosophy does not mean a quarrel, or fight, or even a disagreement. An argument is a set of two or more statements or claims, one of which, the conclusion, is intended to follow from, or be supported by, the others, which are the premises. Exemple of argument: euthanasia is deliberately killing an innocent person, deliberately killing an innocent person is morally wrong. Here, 1) and 2) are the premises, 3) is the conclusion. Another exemple: critical thinking is a skill that is essential to success in all walks of life.
