PHYS 1901 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Spiral Galaxy, Astronomical Unit, Big Bang

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1 Jun 2020

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Earth doesn"t occupy a central space in the universe. Isn"t special in its properties (mass, distance from sun) Sun is an average star out of billions in milky way galaxy. Milky way is an average spiral galaxy billions of galaxies in universe. First stars formed from gas clouds from hydrogen: hydrogen is converted to heavier elements in the core of stars. Heavier elements are created in the cores of stars. If a star is heavy enough it will explode supernova. After supernova heavy elements are scattered: these clouds of gas form new stars and solar systems, planets form from heavier elements. All atoms on earth came from remains of older generation of stars. Earth not possible without chemical elements created from these stars. Universe: totality of all space, time matter energy. Earths diameter 10 million times bigger than a human. Suns diameter 100 times bigger than earth"s: average star.

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Helium is very common in the Sun and calcium is rare. Why arehelium lines weak and calcium lines strong in the visible spectrumof the Sun?

How would a star regain its state of equilibrium if the energygeneration rate of a star were to become slightly smaller than itsequilibrium?

Why do metal poor stars have the most elliptical orbits? Fromwhere do they obtain their metals?

why do so few visual binary star systems been fully analyzedto reveal individual masses?

When we look at light curve for an eclipsing binary systemwith total eclipses, how can we tell which star is hotter?

Why do extremely cool stars look fainter than we might expectfrom their luminosities and distances?

Why can't we use solar type stars as spiral tracers? what typeof stars make good spiral tracers? why? What characteristics dothey have to perform this function?

in some old, dense stars, a few blue stars, known as bluestragglers are seen. why are blue stars unexpected in suchclusters? If stars that stick together mix their materialthoroughly when they collide, how might you explain such bluestars?

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Why are there different types of galaxies?

what is the eventual fate of the milky way galaxy? whatprocess will lead to this fate? can anything change this?

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Which, if any, of the following statements is/are true?

1)Our galaxy, The Milky Way, is a member of The Local Group, whichis one of several groups of galaxies located in the VirgoSupercluster.
2)Most astrophysicists believe that our Solar System formed from animmense cloud of gas and dust about 4-1/2 million years ago.
3)Planets are believed to have formed by a process known asaccretion.
4)Two key elements in the Condensation Theory of PlanetaryFormation are 5)Conservation of Angular Momentum and CondensationNuclei.
6)The name of the second largest object in the Universe is TheSouthern Wall.
7)In our Solar System, the four jovian planets, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, and Neptune, are separated from the four terrestrialplanets, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, by the Kuiper Belt.
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9)It takes a photon of light about 4-1/5 years to travel from ourSolar System to the second closest star to Earth, ProximaCentauri.
10)The full range of human knowledge about our Universe spans about40 or 41 orders of magnitude on a spatial scale and about 13.7billion years on a temporal scale.
11)It takes a photon of light about 5-1/2 hours to travel from theSun to the orbit of the former planet Pluto.

PHYS 1901 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Spiral Galaxy, Astronomical Unit, Big Bang

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