Lecture 6 Children with Intellectual disabilities .doc
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11 Apr 2012
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Chapter 6
Children with intellectual disabilities
•What is the AAMR definition of intellectual disabilities?
•significant subaverage intellectual functioning
•deficits in adaptive behavior
•manifested during the developmental years
•A child is not considered intellectually disabled unless they score below what on a
standardized test of mental ability?
•70
•that is three or more deviation away below the mean
•What is the AAMR definition of Adaptive behavior?
•the degree and efficiency with which an individual meets:
•The standards
•personal independence
•social responsibility expected of a particular age group
•What are some examples if adaptive skills?
•communication
•self care
•health and safety
•social skills
•home living
•community use
•functional academics
•What is the AAMR’s definition of developmental period?
•from conception to 18th birthday
•What is the IQ level of mild retardation?
•55 to 70
•What is the IQ level of moderate ?
•40 to 55
•What is the IQ level of severe?
•25 to 40
•What is the IQ level of profound?
•Below 25
•What is the classification of needs in mild retardation?
•intermittent
•What is the classification of needs in moderate?
•limited
•What is the classification of needs in severe?
•extensive
•What is the classification of needs in profound?
•pervasive
• What are the characteristics of a child with mild mental retardation with an IQ level
of 55-70?
•no signs of disease of injury
•many not id until start school
•educated in public schools settings
•elementary: reading, writing, arithmetic
•adequate social, personal and communication skills
•What are the characteristics of a child with moderate mental retardation with an IQ
level of 44-55?
•limited intellectual abilities
•delay during preschool years
•limited academic achievement
•problems in abstracting and generalizing
•can attain self help skills able to work routine jobs
•30% have down syndrome
•What are the characteristics of a child that has severe mental retardation?
•IQ 25-40
•additional handicapping conditions
•poor motor development
•poor speech
•sensory impairments, seizures
•inadequate social skills
•behavioural and psychiatric disorders
•What are the characteristics of a child with profound metal retardation?
•may not be able to care for personal needs
•limited or no independent mobility
•what is the prevalence of metal retardation?
•1-3% of general population
•80-85% of all mental retardation are MILD MENTALLY RETARDED
•What is the etiology of intellectual disabilities
•prenatal causes:
•Example : chromosomal disorders, environmental factors
•Postnatal causes:
•Example: head injuries, infections ( encephalitis, meningitis)
•What is the percentage of cases where the cause is not known?
•50%
•What are the presumed causes?
•psychological disadvantage/ deprivation
•What is the most common chromosomal abnormality leading to mental retardation?
•Down syndrome
•What is the prevalence of down syndrome?
•occurrence is 1 in 1000 live births
•What are the 3 major types of Down syndrome?
•Trisomy 21
•Translocation
•Mosacism
•What is Trisomy 21?
•21st pair of chromosome has 3 chromosomes instead of 2
•What is Translocation?
•only part of chromosome 21 is present in triplicate
•What is Mosacism ?
•faulty distribution of chromosome in later cell division